西藏高原典型内陆湖湖面变化对气候变化的响应

卫星遥感 气候变化 湖面变化 西藏高原
边多 2008-01 项目
【英文摘要】The enclosed lake is a sensitive indicator of climate change, and the mountain lake is at anatural state with relatively less influence by the human activities, thus it can reflect the climate situation authentically.Based on the satellite remote sensing materials and the meteorological data around the lakes, the changes in the water levels of the plateau enclosed lakes are analyzed in this study. It is found that water levels of Selin Co, Namtso present a distinct expanding trend in the past 40 years in north Tibet. Moreover, Selin Co expands at a rate of 20%, with an average of 420 km2/10a, thus it has become the largest salty inland lake during the period 1999-2008.That is closely related to the warming and humidified climate change in the recent years such as rise of the air temperature,increase of the precipitation, decrease of the evaporation rate and permafrost degradation. However, for the rainfall as the mainly supply of lakes, such as Yamzho Yumco and Mapangyong lake is shrinking slowly in past 30 years in middle and west Tibet.Because the lake's evaporation effect due to increasing temperature exceeded the effect in water level rise by increasing precipitation.
【中文摘要】内陆湖泊是气候变化敏感的指示器,高山湖泊处于自然状态,受人类活动影响较小,能够较真实地反映气候状况。本项目利用卫星遥感资料和1:10万地形图数据,结合气象资料和野外实地调查数据,对高原上部分典型湖泊湖面变化对气候变化的响应进行了分析研究。研究表明,以色林错、纳木错为主的藏北湖泊近四十年来表现为湖面增长趋势。其中色林错从1999-2008 年湖面扩大速度为20%,平均上涨了420 km2/10a,2008年面积为2196.23 km2 已超过纳木错面积,成为西藏第一大咸水湖;冰雪融水量的增加是湖泊上涨的根本原因,其次与降水量的增加和蒸发量的减少、冻土退化等暖湿化的气候变化有很大关系。而以降水为主要补给的西藏中部的羊卓雍错和高原西部的玛旁雍错面积呈减少趋势,羊卓雍错2005年面积与1975年相比减少了46.55km2,玛旁雍错2009年面积比1975年减少了1.56 km2;在降水增加、气温上升的情况下由于升温引起的湖泊蒸发效应超过降水增加导致的补给影响, 是湖泊面积下降的主要原因。研究成果不仅对研究高原湖泊生态研究具有重要意义,而且也可为当地有关部门提供防灾减灾方面的决策依据。