The climatic oscillation during Quaternary must have important effects on spatial distribution and genetic structure of organisms distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon (YZGC). However, how the termite species occurred there changed their distribution ranges in response to Quaternary climatic oscillation remains controversial. Here, we conduct a study of the phylogeography of the termite genera Reticulitermes, Nasutitermes and Odontotermes endemic and dominant termite species in the canyon with mtDNA and regions of the nrDNA will be developed as an valuable molecular marker to resolve phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. Microsatellite markers or short tandem repeats (STRs) are increasingly going to applied to study cryptic speciation in the genus Odontotermes with the samples from YZGC,Indian,Malaysia and East Asia. The genus Nasutitermes would used to refer for sympatric speciation with disruptive selection or parapatric speciation.Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses of the genus Reticulitermes for worldwide spread species R. speratus can provide information about the geographical origins and patterns of introduction and explain the causes and mechanisms by which introduced species have become successful invaders. Wood-feeding cockroaches Cryptocercus cockroaches have appeared to many as ideal models for inference on the early evolution of termites, due to their possible phylogenetic relationship and several shared key attributes in life history. it is considered Cryptocercus the best representative of the ancestral type of phylogenetic outgroup with termites and is thus crucial in delineating relationships among the species of Cryptocercus, and in determining the relationship of the genus to other cockroaches and to termites. However, no fresh material suitable for modern approaches to systematics has been available for all of China.Cryptocercus will be introduced as models for Tibet termite evolution. Glacial refugia theories about the distribution of termites occupying YZGC provide possible clues into the possible mechanisms which have fostered genetic variability and restricted gene flow.The study will provide valuable evidence that the termite species endemic in the YZGC how to speciation and evolution, the results will refer a different pattern how the termite species in the YZGC responded to the climatic changes during the Quaternary.