【英文摘要】Blood pheasant （Ithaginis cruentus）, a sedentary montane bird, mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent mountain area. There are many subspecies divergence because of its limited dispersal ability. In this project we used the both mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) and control region DNA to clarify the confusion in the complex of Blood pheasant, to study intraspecific differentiation of the blood pheasant, and to discuss the relationship between the present distribution pattern of Blood pheasant and the uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the glacier in Quaternary Period. Based on analyse for 288 samples from 24 sites, the main results are as follows：the mtDNA haplotype diversity was considerable from 0.871-0.939. Both the ML and MP phylogenetic trees based mtDNA showed the same four clades in the blood pheasant population. The phylogegraphical pattern of the blood pheasant detected by molecular sequences could be exactly matched to morphological differences among the populations. The net average genetic distance between Clade A and others (B+C) was 0.063 and it was 0.039 between B and C. When the molecular clock assumed, the divergence date between A and others was estimated to be 1.88 Ma BP and that between B and C was 1.15 Ma BP. The Beast analysis suggested that the mean TMRCA of the blood pheasant and Clade B+C was 2.68 Ma BP and 1.22 Ma BP. According to the mismatch distribution, the expansion time of each group was from 19 -158 Ka BP.
【中文摘要】血雉（Ithaginis cruentus）为地栖性鸟类，亚种分化众多，主要分布于青藏高原边缘及邻近的山系，其现今分布格局在一定程度上反映了古地质事件和古气候变化的影响。本研究采用线粒体DNA（MtDNA）细胞色素B基因（cytb）和控制区（d-loop）基因两种分子标记，评价血雉的种下分类问题，同时从分子系统地理学角度，对血雉的种群遗传分化和进化历史进行了研究，探讨血雉的现今分布格局与青藏高原隆起和第四纪冰川的关系。基于对24个地点288份样品的分析,得到以下结论：血雉各种群间线粒体基因单倍型多态性在0.871-0.939之间，具有较高的遗传多样性；通过系统进化树（ML和MP）和网络图的分析表明，血雉种群均显著一致的分化为4枝，各枝间几乎没有共享单倍型，具有明显的系统地理格局；检测到的分子系统地理格局与种群间的形态学差异非常一致；A枝和其它枝（B和C）的平均遗传距离为0.063，B和C间为0.039，分化时间分别在1.88和1.15 Ma BP；血雉的最近共祖时间是在2.68 Ma BP，各枝的扩张时间在19-158 Ka BP。
