【英文摘要】The micropaleotological investigation has been systematically carried out in the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area, Hubei Province, which reveals that while microfossil assemblages in the lower and upper Doushantuo Formation share some common elements, they are distinct taxonomically. Quantitative analysis shows that the two biozones are largely independent of taphonomic or facies controls, thus they can offer a viable tool for regional correlation of the Ediacaran System. High resolution carbon (inorganic and organic) and sulfur (pyrite and CAS) isotope studies suggest pulsed oxidation of the deep oceanic DOC reservoir, and the oxidation events appear to be coupled with eukaryote diversity in the Doushantuo basin of South China. Triple oxygen isotope composition of sulfate from ancient evaporates and barites shows variable negative 17O anomalies over the past 750 million years, and 17O anomaly of barites from the cap dolostone overlying the Nantuo diamictite in South China display a distinct negative spike, suggesting pCO2 was at its highest level in the past 750 million years, which is consistent with the snowball Earth hypothesis. Based on an extensive field survey of Marinoan cap carbonates in South China and detailed sedimentological, petrographic, and isotope data, a unified sequence of events concerning the formation of cap carbonate was proposed, the new model not only further supports the snowball Earth hypothesis, but suggests that the signal of methane hydrate was registered well after the cap dolostone deposition, which therefore could not be the trigger of termination of global glaciation. Micro-CT studies on some phosphatic embryo fossils with distinct outer ornamentation reveal their internal gastular structure, which provide convincing evidence for the early development stages of animal embryos.