【英文摘要】Many lines of evidence illustrate that prehistoric and early societies were highly vulnerable to abrupt climatic shift, especially prolonged drought. However, we still have insufficient data to characterize the mid Holocene climate. This problem can be addressed only by obtaining more palaeoclimate data from different locality, especially from climatically sensitive regions.Hydrologically closed lakes in arid Central Asia are natural dust traps that provide an excellent opportunity to examine paleoenvironmental change, particularly long-term change associated with aeolian dust deposition. The sediment cores from the Lake Tuolekule represent a Late- Glacial and Holocene record of dust deposition and provide additional information with respect to the vegetation evolution. Pollen analysi shows that before 7.9 cal ka BP, the vegetation was sparse desert, evolved under harsh environmental conditions. After 7.9 cal ka BP, a relatively dense vegetation was established, probably as a result of a slight increase of moisture, but conditions were still dry in general. There was a rapid expansion of Chenopodiaceae-dominated desert at 4.2-3.8 cal ka BP. Grain-size analysis shows that time periods characterized by coarse grain size probably indicate stronger Siberian Highs during enhanced spring meridional atmospheric circulation. The mean grain size and fraction N63 μm peaking at 11.8-11.1, 10.6-8, 6.1-4.9, and after 3.3 cal ka BP correspond well with increased terrestrial dust fluxes during the periods before 11.3, 8.8-7.8, 6-5, and 3.1-2.4 cal ka BP recorded by Greenland ice cores. Our study may document the intensity of the Siberian High in geological history. The intensity and position of the Siberian High may play an important role in the history of dust emission in arid Central Asia.