午后极光亮斑的可见光特征及其南北极对比研究

日侧极光 极光亮斑 南极中山站 北极黄河站 地面观测
黄德宏 2007-01 项目
【英文摘要】Ground-based visible aurora data observed from Zhongshan station, Antarctic, and Yellow River station, Arctic, and UV images captured from satellites were selected for comparison to study the “aurora hot spots” phenomena and their conjugate/non-conjugate characteristics. We conclude that the “aurora hot spots” found on UV images are corresponding to the vortex structures in the aurora arc captured by the ground-based aurora imagers, and provide an explanation for the “aurora hot spots” creation mechanism: The MHD surface wave induced by the K-H instability could convert to the kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW), the KAW then generates parallel electric field to excite the multiple arcs in the postnoon aurora oval. The velocity drifts, perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, of the particles precipitating along the multiple arcs causes the flow shear. Influenced by the K-H instability in the flow shear, the vortex structure in the aurora arcs can be formed. Such vortex structures appear as the form of bright spots (namely the aurora spirals) in the view of satellite UV imagers. The conjugate/non-conjugate characteristics of “aurora hot spots” are influenced by the IMF By component: the “aurora hot spots” cannot be occurred simultaneously in the both hemisphere when |By|>>|Bz|; and only occur in southern hemisphere when By>0, in northern hemisphere when By<0; during |By|~|Bz| condition, the “aurora hot spots” can be found simultaneously in both hemisphere. We also found that the increases of high energetic proton flux observed at the geostationary orbit satellite are well corresponded to the aurora movements and vortex structures of aurora captured at Yellow River station.
【中文摘要】本项目利用南极中山站和北极黄河站地磁共轭台站所获得的午后极光可见光波段成像数据同卫星紫外极光数据进行对比分析,研究午后“极光亮斑”的发生规律和南北极共轭/非共轭特性。研究结果表明“极光亮斑”其实对应着地面光学观测到的极光弧上的涡旋,它的物理特性和形成机制与极光弧有着紧密联系;在“极光亮斑”的可见光观测特征研究的基础上,给出了一个“极光亮斑”形成机制的物理解释:磁层顶K-H表面波激发的跨磁力线传播的动力学Alfvén波在极区午后扇区形成午后极光弧,极光弧上的平行加速电场区域内的沉降粒子在垂直于磁力线方向上的水平漂移,形成速度剪切,在K-H不稳定性的作用下,形成极光弧上的涡旋结构,这种涡旋结构可能对应着卫星观测到的“极光亮斑”。午后“极光亮斑”的共轭/非共轭现象受IMF By分量的控制:当|By|>>|Bz|时,午后“极光亮斑”不会在南北半球同时出现,IMF By>0和By<0时分别出现在南半球和北半球;当|By|~|Bz|时,可能在南北半球同时出现。在对太阳风动压的突然增强引起的磁层效应研究中发现同步轨道高能质子通量的增加与黄河站观测到的极光运动和极光涡旋结构的出现有着非常好的一致性。