【英文摘要】Temperate glaciers in China have experienced tremendous retreat in recent decades. To evaluate the recent glacier retreats and predict possible changes under future climate scenarios, it is essential to know glaciers changed in the past and their relation to climate change. Using tree rings, here we investigate what changes the glaciers in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) have experienced since the Little Ice Age (LIA), how about the climate during that period, and what relations are there between them?（1）Dating results of several moraines of Midui Glacier (MG) indicated MG retreated in general since the LIA maximum at about AD 1767. There are at least 4 times of glacier advance/retreat fluctuations, which happened at least before AD 1767, AD 1875, AD 1924 and AD 1964.（2）We reconstructed summer temperature variations during the past 600 years for the SETP. Summers were quite cooler during the 17-18th century and were unprecedented warmer during the 20th century. There was a general warming trend since the 1750s.（3）We compared the reconstructed glacier fluctuations and climate variations. The glacier advance/retreat fluctuations are in good agreement with summer cold/warm variations on both centennial and decadal timescales. On average, there is at least an 8-year lag between glacier fluctuation and temperature variation.The dating of moraines and temperature reconstructions could provide long-term datasets for the study on glacial water resources, glacier-climate models, and also helpful for past climate studies using glaciers. This pioneering work successfully broaded a new category,dendroglaciology, of tree-ring research in China.