In the production of uranium mining and metallurgy, it produces a large amount of tailing ore and residual ore. The residual long life radioactive elements such as uranium, thorium, radium enter the soil and shallow groundwater easily and lead to the enrichment of radioactive elements in the food chain, eventually leading to the long-term potential radiation hazards to ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the research about pollution distribution and migration patterns of the typical radionuclide in soil and groundwater system. .This study will take a uranium tailings area in jiangxi province as example, The methods of data collection and field investigation, combined with the field measured, laboratory test and analysis is used to discuss pollution distribution and migration patterns. It will take the static analysis to research the relationship between factors such as temperature, Ph and nuclides adsorption performance in soil. With sequential chemical extraction method to study the nuclide distribution forms in the soil; a small neon water leaching of soil column experiment is used to research soil hydraulic properties and take the large soil column experiment to study nuclide migration behavior in the soil and groundwater system. .In addition, The basic statistics and geostatistics were used for analyzing the correlation between the content of uranium, thorium and radium isotopes obtained by cluster analysis method and the indicators about Ph, organic carbon in external environment, as well as distribution regularity in horizontal and vertical migration..The research results will provide certain theoretical and technical basis for repairing contaminated soil and groundwater of the China's uranium tailings.