土壤微观环境对胶体协同核素污染物运移的影响机理及模拟

土壤物理 土壤水盐运动 污染物迁移 土壤污染 胶体辅助运移
商建英 2016-01 项目
Radionuclide transport and risk analysis in subsurface and related control factors are important since radionuclides in environments are related to human health, and more and more people realize their significance. A lot of studies found that soil colloids are important for radionuclide transport in soil and groundwater. Soil heterogeneity and unsaturated flow are widely spread in natural environments. They are the key factors of affecting contaminant and colloid transport, and are the long-term and difficult problems for hydrologists and soil scientists. Radionuclides can move through colloid facilitated transport. Because soil heterogeneity and unsaturated flow condition in fields are very common, complex soil environments are widely spread, are extremely important for contaminant transport and remediation, and are the key factors of applying the parameters from laboratory to field scale. It is still unclear for the mechanism of soil microenvironment effect on colloid facilitated radionuclide transport. This project will attempt to do colloid facilitated radionuclide transport experiments under complex soil microenvironments, use X-ray computed tomography to observe soil structure, and combine numerical modeling with experimental data. The soil microenvironments in the experiments include soil heterogeneity and unsaturated flow conditions. The data will provide the basis for exploring the mechanism of colloid facilitated radionuclide transport under complex soil environments and develop related models to describe related phenomena. It is expected that the results from this study will be helpful for preventing colloid facilitated radionuclide into groundwater.
放射性核素在地下环境中的运移规律和风险评价以及影响核元素迁移的因素等基础问题越来越受到全社会重视。大量研究发现土壤胶体是影响核素在土壤和地下水中迁移的重要因素。自然界普遍的土壤存在着非均质性和非饱和流,它们是影响与制约污染物和胶体迁移的根本原因,也是长期困扰水文地质学家和土壤学家的难题。大量的研究发现核素可以随土壤胶体穿越非饱和带进入地下含水层。由于土壤的非均质性和非饱和流场引起土壤环境非常复杂,而这种复杂土壤环境对胶体协同污染物迁移的机制还不清楚。因而,本课题针对土壤非均质性和非饱和流问题,应用激光计算机断层扫描技术获取非均质土壤微观结构,通过室内结构土柱和非饱和土柱模拟野外复杂土壤微观环境,结合胶体迁移模型,来研究改变土壤微观环境对胶体协同核素污染物的迁移影响。本项目有助于揭示胶体协同的核元素污染地下水的发生机制,扩展纳米修复材料在环境治理和修复中的实际应用。