【英文摘要】Surface-atmosphere mass and energy exchange (SAE) is the linkage between the Tibetan Plateau and the global atmospheric system. The more than half area of the plateau is covered by great mountain systems, and therefore, SAE in the Tibetan mountains is an important component of the SAE over the plateau. This project was designed to reveal the local circulation and introduced SAE on the northern slope of Mt Everest, as an example of the Tibetan mountains. Observation campaigns, statistic and diagnostic analysis, and numerical simulation were conducted in this research, and resulted in the achievements: 1) the observation data with high spatial and temporal coverage and resolution regarding to the radiation and thermal conditions, local circulations and SAE in the Tibetan mountains; 2) understanding of the local circulation and their driving forces. The local circulation on the northern slope of Mt. Everest is dominated by a strong noon-midnight down-valley flow, with a monthly mean maximum over 12 m/s. The local circulation is thermally driven by the strong solar radiation over the inhomogeneous surface, mainly composed of the glacier wind and mountain-valley wind; 3) understanding of SAE in the Tibetan mountains. The complex topography in the Tibetan mountains traps more solar radiation, the near surface turbulence transfers the energy from the surface to the air, and the local circulation brings the energy from the near surface air to the free atmosphere aloft. This SAE in the Tibetan mountains differs from the SAE over the relatively flat areas of the plateau which is dominated by the turbulent transfer. 4) reveal of the impacts of South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) on the local circulation and SAE in the Himalayas. The active SASM causes low solar radiation, weak local circulation and SAE, and SASM break brings high solar radiation, strong local circulation and SAE in the Himalayas; 5) a numerical simulation system suitable for the atmospheric studies of the Tibetan Plateau, with high resolution up to 500 meters.