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Purpose of ReviewThis review imparts the information on melanin as a multifunctional biomolecule, emphasizing the diversity of sources like microbial, plant, and human, and accentuating its potential as a sustainable material. It deliberately focuses on current advances in utilizing melanin for inventive applications in important areas such as food, cosmetics, environmental improvement, and agriculture, as well as its increasing significance in promoting eco-friendly and industrial solutions.Recent FindingsMelanin derived from microbial, plant, and human sources has a broad spectrum of bioactivities, which includes protection from UV radiation, strong antioxidant capabilities, and the strong ability to affiliate and neutralize environmental contaminants. Recently its natural origin and biocompatibility have caught the eye in its usage as a food coloring and preservation. Not only this, it is also known to create a spark in the cosmetic industry by providing skin protection, pigmentation balance, and anti-aging effects, with both plant- and human-derived melanin playing their important roles.Environmentally, microbial and plant-based melanin built a strong resilience in the elimination of heavy and toxic metals and compounds. In agriculture, microbial melanin is well known for improving soil health in addition to increasing plant tolerance to stress and shielding biocontrol chemicals from UV destruction and showing their high capacity and significant role in different industries, making it one of the most promising byproducts of the cellular process.Recent FindingsMelanin derived from microbial, plant, and human sources has a broad spectrum of bioactivities, which includes protection from UV radiation, strong antioxidant capabilities, and the strong ability to affiliate and neutralize environmental contaminants. Recently its natural origin and biocompatibility have caught the eye in its usage as a food coloring and preservation. Not only this, it is also known to create a spark in the cosmetic industry by providing skin protection, pigmentation balance, and anti-aging effects, with both plant- and human-derived melanin playing their important roles.Environmentally, microbial and plant-based melanin built a strong resilience in the elimination of heavy and toxic metals and compounds. In agriculture, microbial melanin is well known for improving soil health in addition to increasing plant tolerance to stress and shielding biocontrol chemicals from UV destruction and showing their high capacity and significant role in different industries, making it one of the most promising byproducts of the cellular process.SummaryMelanin, derived from different sources-microorganisms, plants, and humans-represents a flexible and sustainable biomaterial that is becoming increasingly important in the various fields. Its multifunctional qualities make it extraordinary application for use in food preservation, cosmetics, environmental improvement, and sustainable agriculture. This review summarizes melanin's potential for long-term innovation and industrial progress by amalgamating the ideas from several biological sources.

来源平台：CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS