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This paper is based on the construction of the underground Pile-Beam-Arch station at Beitaipingzhuang Station of Beijing Metro Line 12. It employs finite element software for three-dimensional numerical modeling, faithfully reproducing the entire station construction process. The results indicate that the excavation of the pilot tunnel and the stage of the secondary lining buckle arch are the main causes of surface deformation. Additionally, the construction of the secondary lining buckle arch is the primary factor inducing deformation in the middle column and side pile. On this basis, the paper investigates the influence of four crucial factors: the stagger distance of the pilot tunnel excavation, the sequence of the secondary lining buckle arch, the excavation sequence of the lower soil, and the excavation depth on the stress and deformation characteristics of the stratum and the station structure. The results suggest that when the distance between adjacent pilot tunnel faces is 1.5 to 3 times the diameter of the pilot tunnel, it has the greatest influence on surface settlement. When the first side is followed by the middle, closely aligning the second lining with the initial support, and simultaneously installing buckle arches on both sides minimizes deformation of the stratum and station structure. During excavation of the lower soil in the station, reducing the single excavation depth and prioritizing excavation on both sides help control deformation of the vertical bearing structure. The optimal construction scheme is derived through multi-criteria optimization and implemented in the field. Field monitoring results are in good agreement with simulation outcomes, offering valuable reference for the construction of stations under similar geological conditions.

来源平台：SCIENTIFIC REPORTS