The Meloidogyne spp., commonly known as root-knot nematodes (RKN), are obligate sedentary endoparasites considered among the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes globally. They harm crops by using parasitic proteins to alter host cell physiology, which promotes parasitism and reduces crop yield. Traditional RKN management, primarily through chemical control, negatively impacts the nutritional value, soil texture, and vegetable production, and poses risks to human health and the environment. An emerging eco-friendly and costeffective alternative is the use of plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM)-mediated biological approaches. The PGPM enhances plant growth directly by solubilizing phosphorus and iron, fixing nitrogen, producing phytohormones, siderophores, and ammonia, or indirectly through competition, antibiosis, hydrogen cyanide, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme, and exopolysaccharides (EPS) production. This review explores various RKN management strategies, emphasizing green biological approaches, their benefits and drawbacks, current commercial status and usage, and the underlying genes, challenges, and limitations associated with these methods.

来源平台：PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY