Crude oil contamination has inflicted severe damage to soil ecosystems, necessitating effective remediation strategies. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of four different techniques (biostimulation, bioaugmentation, bioaugmentation + biostimulation, and natural attenuation) for remediating agricultural soil contaminated with crude oil using soil microcosms. A consortium of previously characterized bacteria Xanthomonas boreopolis, Microbacterium schleiferi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus velezensis was constructed for bioaugmentation. The microbial count for the constructed consortium was recorded as 2.04 +/- 0.11 x 108 CFU/g on 60 d in augmented and stimulated soil samples revealing their potential to thrive in chemically contaminatedstress conditions. The microbial consortium through bioaugmentation + biostimulation approach resulted in 79 +/- 0.92% degradation of the total polyaromatic hydrocarbons (2 and 3 rings - 74%, 4 and 5 rings - 83% loss) whereas, 91 +/- 0.56% degradation of total aliphatic hydrocarbons (C8-C16 - 90%, C18-C28 - 92%, C30 to C40 88% loss) was observed in 60 d. Further, after 60 d of microcosm treatment, the treated soil samples were used for phytotoxicity assessment using wheat (Triticum aestivum), black chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and mustard (Brassica juncea). The germination rates for wheat (90%), black chickpea (100%), and mustard (100%) were observed in 7 d with improved shoot-root length and biomass in both bioaugmentation and biostimulation approaches. This study projects a comprehensive approach integrating bacterial consortium and nutrient augmentation strategies and underscores the vital role of innovative environmental management practices in fostering sustainable remediation of oil-contaminated soil ecosystems. The formulated bacterial consortium with a nutrient augmentation strategy can be utilized to restore agricultural lands towards reduced phytotoxicity and improved plant growth.

来源平台：JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT