Hurricane Otto caused sequential changes in tropical soil microbiota over 5 years.Acidobacteria were critical early decomposers of deposited canopy debris for 3 years.Complex C degrading fungi were critical later decomposers of debris starting at 4 years.A suite of C, N and microbial indicators should prove valuable for forest managers.Hurricanes cause significant damage to tropical forests; however, little is known of their effects on decomposition and decomposer communities. This study demonstrated that canopy debris deposited during Hurricane Otto stimulated sequential changes in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) components, and decomposer microbial communities over 5 years. The initial response phase occurred within 2 years post-hurricane and appeared associated with decomposition of the labile canopy debris, suggested by: increased DNA sequences (MPS) of the Acidobacterial community (as common decomposers of labile plant material), decreases in total organic C (TOC), increased biomass C, respiration, and NH4+, conversion of organic C in biomass, and decreased MPS of complex organic C decomposing (CCDec) Fungal community. After 3 years post-hurricane, the later response phase appeared associated with decomposition of the more stable components of the canopy debris, suggested by: increased MPS of the Fungal CCDec community, TOC, stabilized Respiration, decreased Biomass C, the return to pre-hurricane levels of the conversion of organic C to biomass, and decreased MPS of Acidobacterial community. These changes in the microbial community compositions resulted in progressive decomposition of the hurricane-deposited canopy material within 5 years, resulting several potential indicators of different stages of decomposition and soil recovery post-disturbance.

Protecting the environment is essential because a healthy ecosystem purifies air and water, maintains the soil, regulates the temperature, recycles nutrients, and provides food. However, when nations experience fast growth, they pay the utmost attention to their development and disregard the environmental and development-related consequences. The BRICS economies are examples of nations that have achieved high economic growth rates while polluting their environment via industrial expansion. Hence, this study aims to scrutinise the effects of forest rent, agricultural production, economic growth, and energy consumption on BRICS economies' carbon emissions and ecological footprint from 1995 to 2017. We adopted panel spatial correlation consistent least-squares dummy variables (PSCC-LSDV) estimation and panel quantile regression (PQR) techniques to perform the above-mentioned comparative analysis. The first-hand empirical consequences revealed that agricultural production, renewable energy consumption, and financial development condense the carbon discharge, and the rest of the variables trigger the carbon emission. In addition, GDPC, forest rents, non-renewable energy consumption, and domestic investment damage the environmental prominence by instigating an ecological footprint, whereas the remaining variables oblige to moderate the ecological footprint. Finally, this study recommends rigorous policies to mitigate pollution emissions to help reinstate environmental eminence.

To address the low utilization rate of construction waste soil and the environmental impact of traditional cement solidification, this study investigates the effect of desulfurized gypsum and silica fume in synergy with cement for construction waste soil. The effects of solidifying material dosage, liquid-to-solid ratio, and mixing ratio on mechanical properties were analyzed. Optimal performance was achieved with the dosage of solidifying material was 20%, the liquid-to-solid ratio was 0.2, and the mixing ratio of desulfurized gypsum, silica fume, and cement was 2:1:1, meeting the requirements of the technical specification for application of road solidified soil (T/CECS 737-2020). This formulation is referred to as FS-C type solidified soil. A self-fabricated carbonation device was employed to assess carbonation methods, time, and curing age on the mechanical properties of solidified soil. Carbonation for 6 h post-molding significantly enhanced strength, while carbonation in a loose state led to strength reduction. SEM analysis revealed a denser microstructure in carbonated samples due to calcium carbonate and silica gel formation. Compared to traditional cement solidification, FS-C type solidified soil reduces cement consumption by 15%, decreases CO2 emissions by 299.25 g/m(3), and sequesters 85 g/m(3) of CO2. These findings highlight the potential of FS-C type solidified soil as an environmentally friendly alternative for construction applications.

Sustainability is defined as the process of developing and responsibly sustaining a healthy built environment based on resource-efficient and ecological principles. When it comes to sustainability, earthen construction is a good choice because of its minimal carbon impact and lower operating expenses. This study investigates the cost comparison between Alker and a reinforced concrete office with a dimension of 6 x 6 m. Alker is a stabilised form of earthen building. Based on the dry weight of the soil, it contains 10% gypsum, 2% lime, and 20%-22% water. Shredded plastic waste (SPW) was added to Alker to improve its properties with the addition of the environmental effect of plastic waste. The results showed that the office built with reinforced concrete had a total cost of Turkish Lira;119 348.57 (6630), whereas the building built with Alker materials had a total cost of Turkish Lira;103 474.19 (5748). Therefore, offices built with Alker's added SPW are 13% cheaper than offices built with reinforced concrete. Alker modified with shredded plastic waste has been demonstrated to be a sustainable building material with enhanced properties.

The study of the effects of supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) under high temperature and high pressure on the mechanical properties and fracturing potential of shale holds significant implications for advancing our understanding of enhanced shale gas extraction and reservoir exploration and development. This study examines the influence of three fluids, i.e. ScCO2, deionized water (DW), and ScCO2+DW, on the mechanical properties and fracturability of shale at immersion pressures of 15 MPa and 45 MPa, with a constant temperature of 100 C. The key findings are as follows: (1) Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of shale decreased by 10.72%, 11.95%, and 23.67% at 15 MPa, and by 42.40%, 46.84%, and 51.65% at 45 MPa after immersion in ScCO2, DW, and ScCO2+DW, respectively, with the most pronounced effect observed in ScCO2+DW; (2) Microstructural analysis revealed that while ScCO2 and DW do not significantly alter the microstructure, immersion in ScCO2+DW results in a more complex surface morphology; (3) Acoustic emission (AE) analysis indicates a reduction in stress for crack damage, with a decreased fractal dimension of AE signals in different fluids. AE energy is primarily generated during the unstable crack propagation stage; (4) A quantitative method employing a multi-factor approach combined with the brittleness index (BI) effectively characterizes shale fracturability. Evaluation results show that ScCO2+DW has a more significant effect on shale fracturability, with fracturability indices of 0.833% and 1.180% following soaking at 15 MPa and 45 MPa, respectively. Higher immersion pressure correlates positively with increased shale fracturability. (c) 2025 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).

Societal Impact StatementIntervention strategies that involve supplementing crop-lands with silicon have significant scope for carbon capture and drought mitigation, offering wide-ranging societal impacts. These include contributing to decarbonisation goals, enhancing food security, providing economic benefits and reducing environmental damage associated with intensive agronomic practices. This article highlights emerging evidence that suggests elevated atmospheric CO2 and water limitation may impair silicon accumulation in plants. While this does not negate the outlined societal benefits, we argue that these limitations must be thoroughly quantified and incorporated into large-scale implementation plans to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of silicon intervention strategies. Silicon accumulation in plants is increasingly recognised as playing an important functional role in alleviating environmental stresses. Most research to date has focussed on relieving agronomic stresses in crops, including pest and pathogen damage, soil salinity and drought. Recently, attention has turned to large-scale silicon application to agricultural landscapes as a potential anthropogenic climate change mitigation strategy. This includes silicon fertilisation to enhance soil carbon storage through advanced weathering of silicates, or by incorporating carbon in phytoliths in plant tissues. While these geoengineering approaches have potential, they could also present significant challenges. This article explores the opportunities and limitations for silicon-based interventions in mitigating the impacts of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and increased incidences of drought. We argue that despite the promise of silicon supplementation in reducing plant stress under climate change, research paradoxically shows that these very climate conditions can significantly impede silicon accumulation in plants. We propose a framework to guide the development of silicon intervention strategies to mitigate climate change and the research questions that should be addressed to ensure their effectiveness under future environmental conditions.

化学风化可消耗CO2，在地质时间尺度上调控碳循环和全球气候变化。随着全球气候变暖、冰川融化加剧，冰川流域的化学风化速率可能发生改变，其对碳循环的影响尚不明确。本文选择位于青藏高原东南缘的梅里雪山明永冰川流域作为研究区，开展为期两年（2018年10月至2020年10月）的河水水文指标监测和逐日采样，采集731个河水样品，探讨明永冰川流域河水的水化学特征，量化流域内岩石化学风化速率和碳汇/碳源速率。结果表明，明永冰川流域河水的水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型，硫酸参与碳酸盐风化对河水成分的影响最大（62.1%），碳酸参与碳酸盐岩风化、硅酸盐岩风化和大气输入的贡献分别为32.4%、4.5%和1.0%。硅酸盐岩风化消耗大气CO2通量的平均值为0.31×10～3 mol·km-2·a-1，硫酸参与碳酸盐岩风化向大气释放CO2通量的平均值为4.00×10～3 mol·km-2·a-1。可见，研究区化学风化释放CO2

化学风化可消耗CO2，在地质时间尺度上调控碳循环和全球气候变化。随着全球气候变暖、冰川融化加剧，冰川流域的化学风化速率可能发生改变，其对碳循环的影响尚不明确。本文选择位于青藏高原东南缘的梅里雪山明永冰川流域作为研究区，开展为期两年（2018年10月至2020年10月）的河水水文指标监测和逐日采样，采集731个河水样品，探讨明永冰川流域河水的水化学特征，量化流域内岩石化学风化速率和碳汇/碳源速率。结果表明，明永冰川流域河水的水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型，硫酸参与碳酸盐风化对河水成分的影响最大（62.1%），碳酸参与碳酸盐岩风化、硅酸盐岩风化和大气输入的贡献分别为32.4%、4.5%和1.0%。硅酸盐岩风化消耗大气CO2通量的平均值为0.31×10～3 mol·km-2·a-1，硫酸参与碳酸盐岩风化向大气释放CO2通量的平均值为4.00×10～3 mol·km-2·a-1。可见，研究区化学风化释放CO2

化学风化可消耗CO2，在地质时间尺度上调控碳循环和全球气候变化。随着全球气候变暖、冰川融化加剧，冰川流域的化学风化速率可能发生改变，其对碳循环的影响尚不明确。本文选择位于青藏高原东南缘的梅里雪山明永冰川流域作为研究区，开展为期两年（2018年10月至2020年10月）的河水水文指标监测和逐日采样，采集731个河水样品，探讨明永冰川流域河水的水化学特征，量化流域内岩石化学风化速率和碳汇/碳源速率。结果表明，明永冰川流域河水的水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型，硫酸参与碳酸盐风化对河水成分的影响最大（62.1%），碳酸参与碳酸盐岩风化、硅酸盐岩风化和大气输入的贡献分别为32.4%、4.5%和1.0%。硅酸盐岩风化消耗大气CO2通量的平均值为0.31×10～3 mol·km-2·a-1，硫酸参与碳酸盐岩风化向大气释放CO2通量的平均值为4.00×10～3 mol·km-2·a-1。可见，研究区化学风化释放CO2

Currently, traditional vertical barrier materials are associated with large carbon footprints and high costs (in some regions) due to the widespread use of Portland cement and sodium-based bentonite materials. In recent years, a new technology of Carbonized Reactive Magnesia Cement (CRMC) has gradually been developed to sequester CO2 using Eco-cement. The application prospects of CRMC in vertical barrier materials are explored in this study. The changes in flowability of Reactive Magnesia Cement (RMC) slurry and the unconfined compressive strengthen (UCS) and permeability characteristics of CRMC treated soils are investigated. The results show that the fluidity of RMC slurry decreases further with the increase of MgO substitute cement content. For RMC slurry meeting the fluidity requirements, UCS increased rapidly in the early period (3 h) after carbonization, reaching 348.33 kPa, and the hydraulic conductivity k decreased (k < 1 x10(- 7) cm/s) in the later period (14d), and the final hydraulic conductivity reached 6.13 x 10(- 8) cm/s (28d). The pores of the material are filled with a large number of hydration products and carbonates, which alters the pore size distribution structure of the material. This is the reason for the mechanical properties and permeability performance of CRMC treated soils. The overall results of this study well demonstrate that CRMC treated soils, as a new, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective material, have great potential in the construction of vertical barriers.