The construction industry is increasingly focusing on sustainability, creating a need for innovative materials. This comprehensive review examines the potential of calcined clays and nanoclays in enhancing construction materials and promoting resilient infrastructure. It emphasises their role in improving performance and supporting environmental conservation in sustainable development. The review discusses how varying proportions of calcined clays and nanoclays impact the performance of pavement materials, especially when combined with bitumen in asphalt mixtures. It highlights their benefits, including reduced chloride penetration, enhanced water resistance, and improved soil conductivity. Overall, the review suggests that the strategic integration of calcined clays and nanoclays into construction materials can enhance durability, optimise resource use, and support environmental sustainability.

Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is now about to become a new type of cement. Replacing a considerable part of cement with calcined clay makes the new cement more sustainable than ordinary Portland cement. In this investigation, locally available non-kaolinite clayey soil is studied in two stages. Firstly, the calcined temperature, the replacement level of calcined clay, and the ratio of the calcined clay to limestone were optimized. The results were 750 degrees C, 40%, and 3:1, respectively. The optimized mixtures were reinforced with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) fibers at ratios of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of the binder's weight. Flowability was measured for the fresh mortar. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength were studied. Durability properties like fire resistance, water absorption, water sorptivity, and porosity were examined. The results show that 1.5% of PET fiber and 1% of PP fiber showed the best results in terms of mechanical and durability properties. Flexural strength increased from 6.35 to 8.45 MPa and to 7.52 MPa when PP and PET fiber were increased from 0 to 1 and 1.5% respectively. Similarly, tensile strength increased from 3.78 to 4.25 MPa and to 5.25 MPa when PP and PET fiber were increased from 0 to 1.5% and 1%, respectively. However, increasing fibers consistently decreased flowability. This investigation demonstrates the potential of using the locally available non-kaolinite clayey soil to be used as pozzolanic material and to produce LC3. Consequently, LC3 shows the potential to use as a structural material.