Recently, bio-inspired technology utilizing the anisotropy of friction between structure-soil has garnered significant attention. In particular, new pile designs not only enhance shaft friction but also gain prominence by reducing the use of cement, which has traditionally been a key material in ground treatment and improvement. Previous studies have quantitatively verified the increase in interface shear resistance through direct shear tests and cone penetration experiments. However, conventional finite element analysis methods face limitations in analyzing the shaft friction behavior between piles with scale and the surrounding soil. In this study, the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique, a large deformation analysis method built-in ABAQUS, is employed to simulate the penetration of cone with textured shaft. Numerical analyses are conducted to investigate changes in cone penetration resistance according to the geometric characteristics of the surface scale. To minimize numerical errors occurring in the cone and surrounding soil meshes, a three-dimensional generalized mesh is proposed for the cone and its surrounding elements. A total of 13 cases, comprising seven different cone designs and two penetration direction conditions, are analyzed. The results showed that under the same penetration load, penetration depth decreased as the scale height increased, the scale length narrowed, and the scale tapered in height.