Background . The paper is devoted to the analysis of vertical displacements based on remote sensing data as an identifier of hazardous engineering-geological processes in areas with underground infrastructure. The study was carried out on the example of the of the tunnel between Demiivska and Lybidska stations of the Kyiv subway. In December 2023, processes of uneven compaction and vibration creep of the soil massif around the tunnel lining were detected, and there was a risk of loss of stability of the tunnel structures and an emergency. Methods . This study employs the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) method which allows monitoring of soil surface deformations through phase change analysis among radar images. The correction procedures were applied to mitigate noise in processed images caused by temporal and geometric decorrelation, atmospheric disturbances, and other noise interferences. Correction and filtering method, specifically Canny and Sobel linear filters, were used to improve accuracy. Their application to processed satellite images enhances the contours of recorded vertical displacements and reduces geometric distortion noise, preserving the structural integrity of the images. According to our calculations, effective anomaly detection in images of urbanized areas requires a minimum threshold of 25 % in image contrast and clarity. The filters' application for highlighting significant intensity changes achieved a 28 % increase in clarity, indicating high processing effectiveness for further analysis of displacement maps and other parameters related to vertical shifts. Results . Abnormal zones of vertical displacements were identified within the study area based on vertical displacement data. During the 2022-2023 observation period, these zones shifted toward the metro tunnel axis. Vertical displacements directly above the area of subsidence near the 'Rozetka' store were detected during the fifth observation period, October-December 2023, coinciding with the tunnel closure for repairs. Overall, displacement values shifted from negative in 2022 to positive in 2023, suggesting that displacements may have served as an early indicator of underground structure deformation activation. The use of filters allowed for more precise identification of displacement dynamics and localization of deformation zones throughout the observation periods. In the final period, the anomalous zone aligned with the location of tunnel deformations and recorded surface subsidence. Conclusions . Using the example of the distillation tunnel section, we demonstrate the possibility of using the analysis of vertical surface displacements performed by D-InSAR together with a combination of Kenny and Sobel filters to track vertical surface displacements, which is important for monitoring the condition of underground facilities and preventing possible accidents. This study lays the foundation for further development of methodological approaches to the analysis of potential deformations of underground structures based on surface dynamics (vertical displacements). Further improvement of the methodology will help to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data in the context of monitoring underground structures.

受全球气候变暖、冻融作用、地壳运动以及人类活动的影响，地表形变对区域生产、生活和生态造成一定威胁。松嫩平原黑土区是中国重要的耕地后备资源，同时也是典型的季节性冻土区，以往的冻土地表形变监测集中在青藏高原等地区，对松嫩平原等高纬度地带的地表形变监测鲜有提及。论文利用68景Sentinel-1合成孔径雷达影像数据，通过D-InSAR技术获取2016年和2021年松嫩平原黑土区融化期、冻结期地表形变结果，通过空间自相关、变化矩阵和平均中心探索地表形变时空分布特征，并结合断裂带、地下水和土地利用方式分析地表形变成因，主要结果如下：(1)融化期形变量均值较冻结期高且变化幅度明显，融化期形变量平均值113 mm，范围为-63～244mm；冻结期形变量平均值23 mm，范围为-64～120 mm;2016—2021年同一季节地表形变量范围呈现收敛特征。(2)松辽盆地季节性地表形变呈现“冻胀融沉”规律，小兴安岭西部山麓地带形变微小；融化期内沉降区逐渐朝东北方向移动，抬升区由东北向西南转移；冻结期内沉降区由绥化市向西部齐齐哈尔市辐散，抬升区由西北部向中南部转移。(3)地表形变量高值区位于断裂带沿线破碎带...

受全球气候变暖、冻融作用、地壳运动以及人类活动的影响，地表形变对区域生产、生活和生态造成一定威胁。松嫩平原黑土区是中国重要的耕地后备资源，同时也是典型的季节性冻土区，以往的冻土地表形变监测集中在青藏高原等地区，对松嫩平原等高纬度地带的地表形变监测鲜有提及。论文利用68景Sentinel-1合成孔径雷达影像数据，通过D-InSAR技术获取2016年和2021年松嫩平原黑土区融化期、冻结期地表形变结果，通过空间自相关、变化矩阵和平均中心探索地表形变时空分布特征，并结合断裂带、地下水和土地利用方式分析地表形变成因，主要结果如下：(1)融化期形变量均值较冻结期高且变化幅度明显，融化期形变量平均值113 mm，范围为-63～244mm；冻结期形变量平均值23 mm，范围为-64～120 mm;2016—2021年同一季节地表形变量范围呈现收敛特征。(2)松辽盆地季节性地表形变呈现“冻胀融沉”规律，小兴安岭西部山麓地带形变微小；融化期内沉降区逐渐朝东北方向移动，抬升区由东北向西南转移；冻结期内沉降区由绥化市向西部齐齐哈尔市辐散，抬升区由西北部向中南部转移。(3)地表形变量高值区位于断裂带沿线破碎带...

受全球气候变暖、冻融作用、地壳运动以及人类活动的影响，地表形变对区域生产、生活和生态造成一定威胁。松嫩平原黑土区是中国重要的耕地后备资源，同时也是典型的季节性冻土区，以往的冻土地表形变监测集中在青藏高原等地区，对松嫩平原等高纬度地带的地表形变监测鲜有提及。论文利用68景Sentinel-1合成孔径雷达影像数据，通过D-InSAR技术获取2016年和2021年松嫩平原黑土区融化期、冻结期地表形变结果，通过空间自相关、变化矩阵和平均中心探索地表形变时空分布特征，并结合断裂带、地下水和土地利用方式分析地表形变成因，主要结果如下：(1)融化期形变量均值较冻结期高且变化幅度明显，融化期形变量平均值113 mm，范围为-63～244mm；冻结期形变量平均值23 mm，范围为-64～120 mm;2016—2021年同一季节地表形变量范围呈现收敛特征。(2)松辽盆地季节性地表形变呈现“冻胀融沉”规律，小兴安岭西部山麓地带形变微小；融化期内沉降区逐渐朝东北方向移动，抬升区由东北向西南转移；冻结期内沉降区由绥化市向西部齐齐哈尔市辐散，抬升区由西北部向中南部转移。(3)地表形变量高值区位于断裂带沿线破碎带...

The collapse of open-pit coal mine slopes is a kind of severe geological hazard that may cause resource waste, economic loss, and casualties. On 22 February 2023, a large-scale collapse occurred at the Xinjing Open-Pit Mine in Inner Mongolia, China, leading to the loss of 53 lives. Thus, monitoring of the slope stability is important for preventing similar potential damage. It is difficult to fully obtain the temporal and spatial information of the whole mining area using conventional ground monitoring technologies. Therefore, in this study, multi-source remote sensing methods, combined with local geological conditions, are employed to monitor the open-pit mine and analyze the causes of the accident. Firstly, based on GF-2 data, remote sensing interpretation methods are used to locate and analyze the collapse area. The results indicate that high-resolution remote sensing can delineate the collapse boundary, supporting the post-disaster rescue. Subsequently, multi-temporal Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1A satellite data, covering the period from mining to collapse, are integrated with D-InSAR and DS-InSAR technologies to monitor the deformation of both the collapse areas and the potential risk to dump slopes. The D-InSAR result suggests that high-intensity open-pit mining may be the dominant factor affecting deformation. Furthermore, the boundary between the collapse trailing edge and the non-collapse area could be found in the DS-InSAR result. Moreover, various data sources, including DEM and geological data, are combined to analyze the causes and trends of the deformation. The results suggest that the dump slopes are stable. Meanwhile, the deformation trends of the collapse slope indicate that there may be faults or joint surfaces of the collapse trailing edge boundary. The slope angle exceeding the designed value during the mining is the main cause of the collapse. In addition, the thawing of soil moisture caused by the increase in temperature and the reduction in the mechanical properties of the rock and soil due to underground voids and coal fires also contributed to the accident. This study demonstrates that multi-source remote sensing technologies can quickly and accurately identify potential high-risk areas, which is of great significance for pre-disaster warning and post-disaster rescue.

岗日嘎布山区是海洋型山地冰川集中发育地区之一。海洋型冰川对气候变化敏感,藏东南多云雨天气使可用光学遥感影像数据少,限制了该地冰川变化遥感监测研究,雷达数据的应用为解决这一问题提供了有效途径。基于2000年SRTM DEM与2014年TerraSAR/TanDEM-X雷达数据,采用差分干涉测量（D-InSAR）方法,研究岗日嘎布山区东南段冰面高程变化及冰储量变化特征,得出如下结论:（1）研究区2000—2014年冰储量变化为-1.69±0.12 Gt,冰面高程年均变化为-0.86±0.13 m·a-1。（2）冰面高程变化整体与海拔高度呈正相关（皮尔森系数为0.93）。在3700～3900 m,随海拔升高冰面高程变化加剧;在3900—5800 m,冰面高程变化逐渐趋于零;在5800 m以上高海拔积累区,冰面高程变化为正值。（3）表碛覆盖冰川消融较快。表碛覆盖冰川区冰面高程变化为-1.71 m·a-1,裸冰区为-0.73 m·a-1。（4）结合波密、察隅和左贡站年均温与年降水变化可知,2000—2014年研究区年均温显著升高,...

岗日嘎布山区是海洋型山地冰川集中发育地区之一。海洋型冰川对气候变化敏感,藏东南多云雨天气使可用光学遥感影像数据少,限制了该地冰川变化遥感监测研究,雷达数据的应用为解决这一问题提供了有效途径。基于2000年SRTM DEM与2014年TerraSAR/TanDEM-X雷达数据,采用差分干涉测量（D-InSAR）方法,研究岗日嘎布山区东南段冰面高程变化及冰储量变化特征,得出如下结论:（1）研究区2000—2014年冰储量变化为-1.69±0.12 Gt,冰面高程年均变化为-0.86±0.13 m·a-1。（2）冰面高程变化整体与海拔高度呈正相关（皮尔森系数为0.93）。在3700～3900 m,随海拔升高冰面高程变化加剧;在3900—5800 m,冰面高程变化逐渐趋于零;在5800 m以上高海拔积累区,冰面高程变化为正值。（3）表碛覆盖冰川消融较快。表碛覆盖冰川区冰面高程变化为-1.71 m·a-1,裸冰区为-0.73 m·a-1。（4）结合波密、察隅和左贡站年均温与年降水变化可知,2000—2014年研究区年均温显著升高,...

岗日嘎布山区是海洋型山地冰川集中发育地区之一。海洋型冰川对气候变化敏感,藏东南多云雨天气使可用光学遥感影像数据少,限制了该地冰川变化遥感监测研究,雷达数据的应用为解决这一问题提供了有效途径。基于2000年SRTM DEM与2014年TerraSAR/TanDEM-X雷达数据,采用差分干涉测量（D-InSAR）方法,研究岗日嘎布山区东南段冰面高程变化及冰储量变化特征,得出如下结论:（1）研究区2000—2014年冰储量变化为-1.69±0.12 Gt,冰面高程年均变化为-0.86±0.13 m·a-1。（2）冰面高程变化整体与海拔高度呈正相关（皮尔森系数为0.93）。在3700～3900 m,随海拔升高冰面高程变化加剧;在3900—5800 m,冰面高程变化逐渐趋于零;在5800 m以上高海拔积累区,冰面高程变化为正值。（3）表碛覆盖冰川消融较快。表碛覆盖冰川区冰面高程变化为-1.71 m·a-1,裸冰区为-0.73 m·a-1。（4）结合波密、察隅和左贡站年均温与年降水变化可知,2000—2014年研究区年均温显著升高,...

多年冻土区地表变形严重影响着区域内生态环境和工程设施的稳定性。合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar,D-InSAR)技术作为一种新型的空间对地观测技术,为多年冻土区地表变形监测提供了新方法。通过近20年的不断深入研究,利用D-InSAR技术的多年冻土区地表变形监测取得了大量研究成果。首先介绍了D-InSAR技术测量地表变形的理论基础,进而概述了D-InSAR技术在多年冻土区地表变形测量中的应用现状,然后总结了D-InSAR测量过程中存在的关键问题及可能的解决方法。在此认识和分析的基础上,对D-InSAR技术今后在多年冻土区地表变形监测中的发展方向进行了探讨,以期为D-InSAR技术在多年冻土区地表变形监测中的推广应用和深入研究提供参考。

多年冻土区地表变形严重影响着区域内生态环境和工程设施的稳定性。合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar,D-InSAR)技术作为一种新型的空间对地观测技术,为多年冻土区地表变形监测提供了新方法。通过近20年的不断深入研究,利用D-InSAR技术的多年冻土区地表变形监测取得了大量研究成果。首先介绍了D-InSAR技术测量地表变形的理论基础,进而概述了D-InSAR技术在多年冻土区地表变形测量中的应用现状,然后总结了D-InSAR测量过程中存在的关键问题及可能的解决方法。在此认识和分析的基础上,对D-InSAR技术今后在多年冻土区地表变形监测中的发展方向进行了探讨,以期为D-InSAR技术在多年冻土区地表变形监测中的推广应用和深入研究提供参考。