Silicon monoxide (SiO) is highly attractive as an anode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its significantly higher specific capacity. However, its practical application is hindered by substantial volume expansion during cycling, which leads to material pulverization and an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Inspired by the natural root fixation in soil, we designed a root-like topological structure binder, cassava starch-citric acid (CS-CA), based on the synergistic action of covalent and hydrogen bonds. The abundant -OH and -COOH groups in CS-CA molecules effectively form hydrogen bonds with the -OH groups on the SiO surface, significantly enhancing the interfacial interaction between CS-CA and SiO. The root-like topological structure of CS-CA with a high tolerance alleviates the mechanical stress generated by the volume changes of SiO. More encouragingly, the hydrogen bond action among CS-CA molecules produces a self-healing effect, which is advantageous for repairing damaged electrodes and preserving their structural integrity. As such, the CS-CA/SiO electrode exhibits exceptional cycling performance (963.1 mA h g-1 after 400 cycles at 2 A g-1 ) and rate capability (558.9 mA h g-1 at 5 A g-1 ). This innovative, topologically interconnected, root-inspired binder will greatly advance the practical application of long-lasting micron-sized SiO anodes. (c) 2025 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

To ensure the sustainable development of the surrounding environment and the sustainable operation of landfills, detecting landfill leakage is of great significance. In landfills lacking a leakage monitoring system, the inability to detect and locate damaged High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) membranes can lead to the contamination of soil and groundwater by landfill leachate. To address this issue, this study proposes a resistivity tomography inversion model based on the external-electrode power supply mode. Utilizing the resistivity difference between the leakage zone and the surrounding soil, electrodes are arranged symmetrically for both power supply and measurement. Upon applying direct current (DC) excitation, potential data are collected, with the finite volume method employed for inversion and the Gauss-Newton method integrated with an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm for parameter fitting. Experimental results show that the combined algorithm provides better clarity in edge recognition of low-resistance models compared with single algorithms. The maximum deviation between inferred leakage coordinates and the actual location is 10.1 cm, while the minimum deviation is 6.4 cm, satisfying engineering requirements. This method can effectively locate point sources and line sources, providing an accurate solution for subsequent leakage point filling and improving repair efficiency.

This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the accuracy of high-frequency (HF) earth meters in measuring the tower-footing ground resistance of transmission line structures, combining simulation and experimental results. The findings demonstrate that HF earth meters reliably estimate the harmonic grounding impedance (R25kHz) at their operating frequency, typically 25 kHz, for a wide range of soil resistivities and typical span lengths. For the analyzed tower geometries, the simulations indicate that accurate measurements are obtained for adjacent span lengths of approximately 300 m and 400 m, corresponding to configurations with one and two shield wires, respectively. Acceptable errors below 10% are observed for span lengths exceeding 200 m and 300 m under the same conditions. While the measured R25kHz does not directly represent the resistance at the industrial frequency, it provides a meaningful measure of the grounding system's impedance, enabling condition monitoring and the evaluation of seasonal or event-related impacts, such as damage after outages. Furthermore, the industrial frequency resistance can be estimated through an inversion process using an electromagnetic model and knowing the geometry of the grounding electrodes. Overall, the results suggest that HF earth meters, when correctly applied with the fall-of-potential method, offer a reliable means to assess the grounding response of high-voltage transmission line structures in most practical scenarios.

The advancement of green energy batteries as alternative energy sources is crucial for addressing the issues posed by hazardous chemicals and their disposal, thereby mitigating environmental damage caused by direct or indirect impacts of pollution. Recently, novel Earth Battery Systems (EBS) have been investigated, utilizing various types of soils, compost, and electrodes, with water as a fixed electrolyte. In this study, EBS are characterized using multiple techniques, including Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Our findings reveal that, compared to soil-based earth batteries - which exhibit high impedance values, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc) are significantly enhanced in vermi-compost-based earth batteries fabricated using steel-201 as the anode and graphite as the cathode. Furthermore, the critical role of organic matter in promoting ion transport and enhancing the system's overall efficiency is demonstrated through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Ionic conductivity analysis. To ensure the sustainability of electrodes within the earth battery, corrosion studies are conducted using Tafel analysis. The results indicate that electrode corrosion can be effectively controlled by the strategic selection of corrosion inhibitors. Thus, this work lays the foundation for developing efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly EBS systems using soil and compost.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a type of brominated flame retardant, are of global concern due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and resistance to conventional remediation methods. In this study, the electrochemical reduction of 2,2 ',4,4 '-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) with Pd/Metal foam electrodes (Ni, Cu, and Ag) was investigated. The effect of Pd loadings was explored, and the results show that Pd loading enhances the debromination performance, with 15.16%Pd/Ni foam exhibiting the best efficiency, followed by 9.37%Pd/Cu and 10.26%Pd/Ag. The degradation mechanisms for Pd/Ni and Pd/Ag are primarily hydrogen atom transfer, while for Pd/Cu, electron transfer dominates. Among the reduction products, Pd/Ni foam shows the highest debromination capability. The impact of electrolytes, current intensity, and bromination degrees of PBDEs was evaluated for 15.16%Pd/Ni. The results reveal that the presence of electrolytes inhibits BDE-47 degradation; the degradation rate of BDE-47 increases with current density, peaks at 4 mA, and decreases as current rises; and 15.16%Pd/Ni foam can effectively degrade PBDEs with varying bromination levels. Additionally, cycling tests show a decrease in efficiency from 94.3% (first cycle) to 56.58% (fourth cycle), attributed to Pd loss and structural damage. The findings offer valuable insights for developing efficient, sustainable catalytic materials for the electrochemical degradation of PBDEs and other persistent organic pollutants.

The P-MFC technology, which acts as an energy source, is one of the promising methods to reduce environmental pollution. In the present study, the P-MFC was constructed using Oryza sativa (Paddy plant), and various electrode materials like carbon, copper, and titanium oxide were used as cathode and aluminum as anode. The experiment was carried out for 34 days. The plant growth was periodically observed and measured, significantly increasing to produce electricity. The highest growth rate was recorded as 52 +/- 1.20 cm whereas the power output varies between P-MFCs. The maximum output voltage was obtained as 1320 +/- 230 mV in the copper- based P-MFC. The voltage disparity in PMFCs stipulates using different electrode materials in P-MFC systems resulting in assorted competence of electricity production. The analysis of the plant roots after the experiment revealed increased concentration of amino acid and carbohydrate. According to the correlation analysis, the plant growth was indistinguishable from agricultural field plants, which indicates that P-MFC installation does not cause any crop damage. Available Microbial load on electrode material and rhizospheric soil resembles bacterial population-induced power generation. This study demonstrated that P-MFCs with paddy plants and copper electrode are a favorable and assured application for future potential electricity production.

The coastline of the Dardanos, a district of & Ccedil;anakkale, T & uuml;rkiye, suffers from saltwater intrusion due to excessive extraction of groundwater for domestic usage and also agricultural activities. Thus, the salinity level increased, and much of the land became unusable. The electrokinetic remediation method was employed to reduce the salinity level in the soil samples in laboratory conditions. The sample used in remediation is silty agricultural soil, with pH value and electrical conductivity (EC) of which are 8.33 and 1282 mu S/cm respectively. In the lab-scale experiments, three different types of electrodes, aluminum, copper, and galvanized steel, were used in the tests. For each type of metal, electrode pairs were placed in the soil that was filled in a plastic container. Current variation was monitored while 1 VDC/cm was applied to electrodes. Average electrical conductivity reduces to 13.5%. As a side effect, all electrodes suffered from heavy corrosion which may be prevented by using anti-corrosion additives to reduce damage for future applications.

When a long distance HVDC transmission system discharges current into the earth through its grounding electrode, ground potential differences appear in a large area. And therefore part of the DC current may flow into nearby pipelines which may be dangerous to the equipment and personnel, and may aggravate corrosion. In this paper, an equivalent circuit based on the method of moments is introduced to calculate the current and potential distributions along a pipeline with damaged anticorrosive coating. The current-dependent electrochemical polarization potential between soil and the metal pipe, due to the damage of the anticorrosive coating, is taken into account by using the Newton-Raphson scheme. The circuit is verified through a reduced scale experiment. By examining the circuit, the effect of the damaged anticorrosive coating on the leakage current and the pipe potential with respect to soil along the pipeline is analyzed.

Interrow weed control is used in a wide range of crops, traditionally applied via physical cultivation or banded herbicide application. However, these methods may result in crop damage, development of herbicide resistance, or off-target environmental impacts. Electric interrow weed control presents an alternative, although its potential impact on crop yield requires further investigation. One of the modes of action of electric weed control is the continuous electrode-plant contact method, which passes a current through the weed and into the roots. As the current passes into the roots, it can potentially disperse through the soil to neighboring root systems. Such off-target current dispersion, particularly in moist topsoil with low resistance, poses potential concern for neighboring crops when electric interrow weed control is applied. This research evaluated the continuous electrode-plant contact method, using a Zasso (TM) XPower machine, in comparison with mowing across three trials conducted in 2022 and 2023. Both treatments were used to remove target lupine (Lupinus albus L.) plants adjacent to a row of non-target lupine. Electric weed control was applied to plants in dry soil or following a simulated rainfall event. The trials demonstrated that electric weed control and mowing did not reduce density and biomass of neighboring non-target lupine plants compared with the untreated control. Likewise, pod and seed production, grain size, and protein, as well as grain germinability and vigor of the resulting seedlings, were not reduced by these weed control tactics. This research used technology that was not fit for purpose in broadscale grain crops but concludes that electric weed control via the continuous electrode-plant contact method or mowing did not result in crop damage. Therefore, it is unlikely that damage will occur using commercial-grade electric weed control or mowing technology designed for large-acreage interrow weed control, thus offering nonchemical weed management options.

To analyze the hazard-causing modes of landslides, this paper proposes a three-dimensional discrete element model reconstruction method that employs an unmanned aerial vehicle survey and multi-electrode resistivity tomography method. To convert the resistivity profile into a material profile, we adopt the peak of the probability density method for material classification and utilize the Haar wavelet transform for image denoising. Subsequently, inverse distance weighting interpolation and the curtain-point method are used to transform twodimensional profiles into a 3D visualization model. Similarly, the triangular mesh boundary can be extracted from the 3D visualization model using the curtain-point method. A mapping function f including the macroscopic parameters, was defined to populate the particles within the boundaries. Using the iterative method and defining the loss function L for parameter calibration, the targeted 3D discrete element model was constructed after setting the velocity threshold. This method was applied to the Changhe landslide (September 14, 2019) in Gansu Province, China, which had a typical damaged soil layer due to earthquake and rainfall factors. The results indicate that the lower part first exhibits significant displacement, followed by the upper and middle parts, which is consistent with the on-site inspections and UAV findings.