Fenton cellulose nanofibrils (F-CNF) were prepared by Fenton oxidation with the followed homogenization and then F-CNF /PVA composite films with the F-CNF additives from 1% to 20% were prepared by solution casting method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), universal tensile testing machine, swelling property detection, thermogravimetric analysis and soil burial degradation rate test were used to characterize the microstructure, chemical structure, mechanical properties, hygroscopicity, thermal stability and biodegradability of the composites. The results showed that a large number of hydrogen bonds were formed between F-CNF and PVA molecules and an acetal reaction occurred. F-CNF can be uniformly dispersed in PVA matrix, and both have good interfacial compatibility. After the addition of F-CNF, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composite films were significantly improved, the water absorption of the composite material was reduced, and its thermal stability was improved. When the amount of F-CNF was 15%, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composite films were 65.27 MPa and 1460.32 MPa, respectively, which were 217.77% and 830.69% higher than those of pure PVA.

Large numbers of contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides and chlorophenols pass through sediments and soil, causing a giant danger to human health and ecosystem. To remediate the soil contaminated with these pollutants, various methods have been proposed including coupled soil washing with Fenton or Sono-Fenton process. In this study, non-ionic surfactants [Tween 85 AND linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs)] were used for the removal of chlorpyrifos (organophosphate pesticide). The optimal conditions for LAS surfactant were found to be a concentration of 2.5 g/L with 20/1.5 ratio (liquid/solid), 360 min operation time and 120 rpm washing speed in room temperature; while 1 g/L Tween 85 concentration was more effective at 20:1 ratio (liquid solid), 360 min operation time and 60 rpm washing speed in room temperature, respectively. The results imply that combining both Tween 85 and LAS can be an effective way to remove large amounts of contaminants from soils quickly without damaging them further or harming humans who might come into contact with it afterward. The results of the experimental study on soil washing and Fenton/Sono-Fenton suggest that these two processes combined can be an effective way to remediate soils contaminated with chlorpyrifos. This combination was shown to provide superior results for both remediation and recovery of surfactants used in the cleaning process.