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The generation of excess pore water pressure (EPWP) and liquefaction characteristic of soils under seismic loading have long been topics of interest and ongoing discussion. Based on the structural state exhibited in the liquefaction process, the mechanical property of saturated coral sand is divided into solid, pseudo-fluid, and liquid phases. New indices, zeta q (generalized deviator strain evolution) and zeta(y)q (generalized deviator strain evolution rate), are proposed to evaluate the evolution and evolution rate of complex deformation. In the solid phase, the saturated coral sand primarily exhibits the properties of a continuous solid medium, the peak EPWP ratio (rup) shows a power correlation with generalized deviator strain evolution amplitude (zeta qa). While in the pseudo-fluid phase, the saturated coral sand primarily exhibits mechanical behavior characteristic similar to that of a fluid, and the rup shows a significant arctangent function relationship with generalized deviator strain evolution rate amplitude (zeta(y)qa). The correlation of rup with zeta qa and zeta' qaduring liquefaction is significantly affected by loading conditions (cyclic stress ratio, CSR, loading direction angle, alpha sigma, and loading frequency, f). To quantify the impact of these loading conditions on the generation of rup in different phases, unified indicators delta S (for the solid phase) and delta L (for the pseudo-fluid phase) are defined. Eventually, An EPWP model based on mechanical property exhibited in different phases is developed, which has normalized the effects of loading conditions. It provides a comprehensive framework to predict the rup of saturated coral sand under complex geological activities, and this model facilitates the understanding and simulation of the mechanical properties and behavior of saturated coral sand during the liquefaction process.

期刊论文 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108130 ISSN: 0013-7952
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