利用GNSS-R(全球导航卫星系统反射测量)技术进行准确的雪深监测已成为传统雪深测量的重要补充手段。本文使用GNSS-R技术反演了2012—2018年美国阿拉斯加州4个GPS观测站附近的雪深结果,结合加拿大气象中心(Canadian Meteorological Centre, CMC)提供的雪深模型数据产品,以PBO(Plate Boundary Observatory)H2O项目组提供的雪深资料为参考值,分析了不同手段获取的雪深值在不同时间尺度上的变化特征,同时评估了GNSS-R反演雪深结果作为独立数据集验证CMC模型数据的能力。结果表明:GNSS-R、CMC和PBO得到的长时间序列雪深结果均具有较为一致的明显周期性变化,整体上GNSS-R反演结果比CMC数据精度更高,更能反映雪深的年际变化情况。GNSS-R反演值和CMC模拟值均能够反映各测站PBO雪深值的逐月变化规律,但GNSS-R反演值的精度和稳定性总体上优于CMC模拟值。GNSS-R反演结果比CMC模拟值与PBO雪深值的季节性变化更具一致性,且对于本文研究的4个测站,GNSS-R反演雪深的精度和稳定性在雪深值较大的春季和冬季...

利用GNSS-R(全球导航卫星系统反射测量)技术进行准确的雪深监测已成为传统雪深测量的重要补充手段。本文使用GNSS-R技术反演了2012—2018年美国阿拉斯加州4个GPS观测站附近的雪深结果,结合加拿大气象中心(Canadian Meteorological Centre, CMC)提供的雪深模型数据产品,以PBO(Plate Boundary Observatory)H2O项目组提供的雪深资料为参考值,分析了不同手段获取的雪深值在不同时间尺度上的变化特征,同时评估了GNSS-R反演雪深结果作为独立数据集验证CMC模型数据的能力。结果表明:GNSS-R、CMC和PBO得到的长时间序列雪深结果均具有较为一致的明显周期性变化,整体上GNSS-R反演结果比CMC数据精度更高,更能反映雪深的年际变化情况。GNSS-R反演值和CMC模拟值均能够反映各测站PBO雪深值的逐月变化规律,但GNSS-R反演值的精度和稳定性总体上优于CMC模拟值。GNSS-R反演结果比CMC模拟值与PBO雪深值的季节性变化更具一致性,且对于本文研究的4个测站,GNSS-R反演雪深的精度和稳定性在雪深值较大的春季和冬季...

利用GNSS-R(全球导航卫星系统反射测量)技术进行准确的雪深监测已成为传统雪深测量的重要补充手段。本文使用GNSS-R技术反演了2012—2018年美国阿拉斯加州4个GPS观测站附近的雪深结果,结合加拿大气象中心(Canadian Meteorological Centre, CMC)提供的雪深模型数据产品,以PBO(Plate Boundary Observatory)H2O项目组提供的雪深资料为参考值,分析了不同手段获取的雪深值在不同时间尺度上的变化特征,同时评估了GNSS-R反演雪深结果作为独立数据集验证CMC模型数据的能力。结果表明:GNSS-R、CMC和PBO得到的长时间序列雪深结果均具有较为一致的明显周期性变化,整体上GNSS-R反演结果比CMC数据精度更高,更能反映雪深的年际变化情况。GNSS-R反演值和CMC模拟值均能够反映各测站PBO雪深值的逐月变化规律,但GNSS-R反演值的精度和稳定性总体上优于CMC模拟值。GNSS-R反演结果比CMC模拟值与PBO雪深值的季节性变化更具一致性,且对于本文研究的4个测站,GNSS-R反演雪深的精度和稳定性在雪深值较大的春季和冬季...

The freeze-thaw (F/T) process plays a significant role in climate change and ecological systems. The soil F/T state can now be determined using microwave remote sensing. However, its monitoring capacity is constrained by its low spatial resolution or long revisit intervals. In this study, spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) data with high temporal and spatial resolutions were used to detect daily soil F/T cycles, including completely frozen (CF), completely thawed (CT), and F/T transition states. First, the calibrated Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) reflectivity was used for soil F/T classification. Compared with those of soil moisture active and passive (SMAP) F/T data and in situ data, the detection accuracies of CYGNSS reach 75.1% and 81.4%, respectively. Subsequently, the changes in spatial characteristics were quantified, including the monthly occurrence days of the soil F/T state. It is found that the CF and CT states have opposite spatial distributions, and the F/T transition states distribute from the east to the west and then back to the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which may be due to varying diurnal temperatures in different seasons. Finally, the first day of thawing (FDT), last day of thawing, and thawing period of the F/T year were analyzed in terms of the changes in temporal characteristics. The temporal variation of thawing is mainly different between the western and eastern parts of the Tibetan Plateau, which is in agreement with the spatial variation characteristics. The results demonstrate that the CYGNSS can accurately detect the F/T state of near-surface soil on a daily scale. Moreover, it can complement traditional remote sensing missions to improve the F/T detection capability. It can also expand the applications of GNSS-R technology and provide new avenues for cryosphere research.

GNSS-R技术是一种以GNSS为信号源的全新遥感技术，可用于监测海洋和陆地.在地基GNSS-R积雪探测研究中，反射区域内的复杂地形不仅会引起积雪的不均匀分布，还使得接收机能在同一时刻接收到来自多个反射界面的反射信号，从而增加了积雪探测的难度.针对该问题，本文利用北极圈内斯匹次卑尔根岛上布设的GNSS-R测站，开展了复杂地形条件下的积雪探测研究.根据不同界面上的反射信号具有不同多普勒频移的特点，本文提出了基于傅里叶变换的谱分析方法，将不同界面的反射信号从混合信号中分离出来，并根据特定多普勒频率段的功率来监测地表积雪变化.基于该方法，本文分析了反射路径位于Schetelig山地区域的8颗卫星在2014年间的反射信号，计算结果表明：卫星PRN 2、12和28与积雪地面介电常数之间的相关系数分别为0.02、0.20和0.05,表明这三颗卫星的反射信号与地面介电常数之间不相关；卫星PRN 14和20与地面介电常数之间的相关系数分别为0.29和0.26,为低度相关；PRN 17、18和25与地面介电常数之间的相关系数分别为0.43、0.54和0.44,为中等程度相关.研究证明本文提出的方法，可用...

GNSS-R技术是一种以GNSS为信号源的全新遥感技术，可用于监测海洋和陆地.在地基GNSS-R积雪探测研究中，反射区域内的复杂地形不仅会引起积雪的不均匀分布，还使得接收机能在同一时刻接收到来自多个反射界面的反射信号，从而增加了积雪探测的难度.针对该问题，本文利用北极圈内斯匹次卑尔根岛上布设的GNSS-R测站，开展了复杂地形条件下的积雪探测研究.根据不同界面上的反射信号具有不同多普勒频移的特点，本文提出了基于傅里叶变换的谱分析方法，将不同界面的反射信号从混合信号中分离出来，并根据特定多普勒频率段的功率来监测地表积雪变化.基于该方法，本文分析了反射路径位于Schetelig山地区域的8颗卫星在2014年间的反射信号，计算结果表明：卫星PRN 2、12和28与积雪地面介电常数之间的相关系数分别为0.02、0.20和0.05,表明这三颗卫星的反射信号与地面介电常数之间不相关；卫星PRN 14和20与地面介电常数之间的相关系数分别为0.29和0.26,为低度相关；PRN 17、18和25与地面介电常数之间的相关系数分别为0.43、0.54和0.44,为中等程度相关.研究证明本文提出的方法，可用...

GNSS-R技术是一种以GNSS为信号源的全新遥感技术，可用于监测海洋和陆地.在地基GNSS-R积雪探测研究中，反射区域内的复杂地形不仅会引起积雪的不均匀分布，还使得接收机能在同一时刻接收到来自多个反射界面的反射信号，从而增加了积雪探测的难度.针对该问题，本文利用北极圈内斯匹次卑尔根岛上布设的GNSS-R测站，开展了复杂地形条件下的积雪探测研究.根据不同界面上的反射信号具有不同多普勒频移的特点，本文提出了基于傅里叶变换的谱分析方法，将不同界面的反射信号从混合信号中分离出来，并根据特定多普勒频率段的功率来监测地表积雪变化.基于该方法，本文分析了反射路径位于Schetelig山地区域的8颗卫星在2014年间的反射信号，计算结果表明：卫星PRN 2、12和28与积雪地面介电常数之间的相关系数分别为0.02、0.20和0.05,表明这三颗卫星的反射信号与地面介电常数之间不相关；卫星PRN 14和20与地面介电常数之间的相关系数分别为0.29和0.26,为低度相关；PRN 17、18和25与地面介电常数之间的相关系数分别为0.43、0.54和0.44,为中等程度相关.研究证明本文提出的方法，可用...

The process of soil freezing and thawing refers to the alternating phase change of liquid water and solid water in the soil, accompanied by a large amount of latent heat exchange. It plays a vital role in the land water process and is an important indicator of climate change. The Tibetan Plateau in China is known as the roof of the world, and it is one of the most prominent physical characteristics is the freezing and thawing process of the soil. For the first time, this paper utilizes the spaceborne GNSS-R mission, i.e., CYGNSS (Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System), to study the feasibility of monitoring the soil freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on the Tibetan Plateau. In the theoretical analysis part, model simulations show that there are abrupt changes in soil permittivities and surface reflectivities as the soil FT occurs. The CYGNSS reflectivities from January 2018 to January 2020 are compared with the SMAP FT state. The relationship between CYGNSS reflectivity and SMAP soil moisture within this time series is analyzed and compared. The results show that the effect of soil moisture on reflectivity is very small and can be ignored. The periodic oscillation change of CYGNSS reflectivity is almost the same as the changes in SMAP FT data. Freeze-thaw conversion is the main factor affecting CYGNSS reflectivity. The periodical change of CYGNSS reflectivity in the 2 years indicates that it is mainly caused by soil FT cycles. It is feasible to use CYGNSS to monitor the soil FT cycles in the Tibetan Plateau. This research expands the current application field of CYGNSS and opens a new chapter in the study of cryosphere using spaceborne GNSS-R with high spatial-temporal resolution.