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An internal explosion may cause severe damage to an underground and surface ground structures. The intensity of the blast plays a substantial role in the damage to the structures, the configuration of the structure, material properties, and geometry of materials. There are several ways for a structure to be protect against blast loads. A tunnel could be protected employing the protective layer, directly located on the top of the structure. The influence of utilizing a protective layer, made of geofoam could appease the adverse effects of an internal explosion and decline vibrations when it comes to the surface ground. The modeling procedure used the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian in Abaqus/Explicit. Lagrangian elements have been used for modeling soil and reinforced tunnel and trinitrotoluene as Eulerian elements. Drucker-Prager plasticity, Holmquist-Johnson and Johnson-Cook plasticity models were simulated for the stress-strain response of soil, concrete, and reinforcement, respectively. In addition, Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation of state used for the pressure-volume relation of TNT. As the results show, while explosion waves scatter inside tunnel and penetrate among top layers of soil, soil and lining without a protective layer experienced severe deformation and blast waves influenced surface ground structures negatively. Indeed, the more charge weight, the more deformation on tunnel lining and structures. It is observed that increasing geofoam thickness worked up to a certain thickness and semi-circular geofoam on top of the structure fulfilled expectations.

期刊论文 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10706-024-02984-1 ISSN: 0960-3182

Geosynthetic materials are a sustainable solution for pavement applications, but this depends on the materials and their application. Geosynthetics are artificial materials used in pavement construction to improve soil stability, drainage, filtration, separation, and other functions. Geosynthetics in pavement foundations can reduce the need for natural resources such as aggregates, sand, and gravel, allowing conventional construction materials to be used more sustainably. Furthermore, geosynthetics have a longer life span and a lower carbon footprint during production, transportation, and installation when compared to traditional materials. The effectiveness of the geosynthetic material used depends on various factors, including the materials used, the manufacturing process, the application, and the end-of-life disposal. The article seeks to present an overview of geosynthetic products like geogrid and geofoam, as well as their interactions with different pavement foundation soils. This paper delves deeper into the load transfer mechanism in geogrid, and arching effect in the geofoam, and the optimal placement of these materials to improve load-carrying capacity and reduce surface deformations by increasing soil shear strength. Furthermore, the benefit of using geofoam as a replacement material for soil to promote sustainability by conserving natural resources and effectively reusing renewable and recyclable materials was studied. An in-depth evaluation of geofoam response under cyclic loading was also studied.

期刊论文 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s42947-024-00475-3 ISSN: 1996-6814

The cyclic swell-shrink behavior of expansive soils poses formidable challenges to both rigid and flexible structures within pavement engineering, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This research explores the utilization of waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads, a byproduct of hand-crushed EPS blocks, to construct recycled geofoam granules columns (GGC) in expansive soil. The objective is to assess the potential of GGC in mitigating swell-shrink phenomena through rigorous cyclic wetting-drying tests. A series of cyclic swelling-shrinkage experiments were conducted in a purpose-built swell-shrink apparatus, maintaining precise laboratory conditions. Remolded soil samples, incorporating GGC with two distinct diameters (40 mm and 75 mm) and a GGC density of 15 kg/m3, underwent cyclic wetting-drying cycles. The experimental data reveals a consistent reduction in the swell-shrink pattern with an increasing number of applied wet-dry cycles. Notably, the largest diameter GGC exhibited a pronounced decrease in the swell-shrink pattern compared to plain soil. Quantitatively, the findings demonstrate a remarkable 28% and 46% reduction in full swelling for 40D and 75D GGC, respectively, showcasing the efficacy of GGC in countering expansive soil tendencies. Equilibrium conditions were rapidly achieved by the 4th and 5th cycles, leading to a substantial 42% and 53% reduction in time requirements for 40D and 75D GGC. These quantitative assessments underscore the promising application of GGC in pavement engineering, offering a sustainable and technically sound solution to the cyclic swell-shrink challenges. The discussion delves into the mechanisms underlying GGC's influence on controlling swell-shrink behavior, emphasizing the pivotal role of soil-geofoam interaction.

期刊论文 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s42947-024-00432-0 ISSN: 1996-6814
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