The abrupt occurrence of the Zhongbao landslide is totally unexpected, resulting in the destruction of local infrastructure and river blockage. To review the deformation history of the Zhongbao landslide and prevent the threat of secondary disasters, the small baseline subsets (SBAS) technology is applied to process 59 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images captured from Sentinel-1A satellite. Firstly, the time series deformation of the Zhongbao landslide along the radar line of sight (LOS) direction is calculated by SBAS technology. Then, the projection transformation is conducted to determine the slope displacement. Furthermore, the Hurst exponent of the surface deformation along the two directions is calculated to quantify the hidden deformation development trend and identify the unstable deformation areas. Given the suddenness of the Zhongbao landslide failure, the multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology is the ideal tool to obtain the surface deformation history without any monitoring equipment. The obtained deformation process indicates that the Zhongbao landslide is generally stable with slow creep deformation before failure. Moreover, the Hurst exponent distribution on the landslide surface in different time stages reveals more deformation evolution information of the Zhongbao landslide, with partially unstable areas detected before the failure. Two potential unstable areas after the Zhongbao landslide disaster are revealed by the Hurst exponent distribution and verified by the GNSS monitoring results and deformation mechanism discussion. The method combining SBASInSAR and Hurst exponent proposed in this study could help prevent and control secondary landslide disasters. (c) 2024 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/).

Global alpine ecosystems contain a large amount of carbon, which is sensitive to global change. Changes to alpine carbon sources and sinks have implications for carbon and climate feedback processes. To date, few studies have quantified the spatial-temporal variations in ecosystem carbon storage and its response to global change in the alpine regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Ecosystem carbon storage in the northeastern QTP between 2001 and 2019 was simulated and systematically analyzed using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Furthermore, the Hurst exponent was obtained and used as an input to perform an analysis of the future dynamic consistency of ecosystem carbon storage. Our study results demonstrated that: (1) regression between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and biomass (coefficient of determination (R-2) = 0.974, p < 0.001), and between NDVI and soil organic carbon density (SOCD) (R-2 = 0.810, p < 0.001) were valid; (2) the spatial distribution of ecosystem carbon storage decreased from the southeast to the northwest; (3) ecosystem carbon storage increased by 13.69% between 2001 and 2019, and the significant increases mainly occurred in the low-altitude regions; (4) climate and land use (LULC) changes caused increases in ecosystem carbon storage of 4.39 Tg C and 2.25 Tg C from 2001 to 2019, respectively; and (5) the future trend of ecosystem carbon storage in 92.73% of the study area shows high inconsistency but that in 7.27% was consistent. This study reveals that climate and LULC changes have positive effects on ecosystem carbon storage in the alpine regions of the QTP, which will provide valuable information for the formulation of eco-environmental policies and sustainable development.