The batter piles of a pile-supported wharf are severely damaged under excessive lateral loads, and effective reinforcement strategies are of great concern. In this paper, the effect of different reinforcement strategies on the lateral bearing performance of the wharf, taking into account the pile-soil interaction, was investigated using centrifuge test and numerical simulation. The results showed that both reinforcement strategies were effective in improving performance, with results generally aligning with those of the intact wharf in terms of load-displacement relationships, and significantly reduced the magnitudes of pile lateral deflection, soil pressure, bending moment, and shear force compared to the broken wharf. However, the concrete jacketing method resulted in larger lateral deflections in the middle sections of the retrofitted batter piles, and then abruptly reduced to match those of the steel-bonding method in the cap-pile regions. The degree of abrupt changes of bending moment in retrofitted batter piles was more distinct in the concrete jacketing wharf than that in the steel-bonding wharf. The steel-bonding method distributed the lateral load more evenly than the concrete jacketing, which involved more abrupt changes in shear forces. Overall, although the performance of both retrofitting methods was slightly better than that of the intact wharf at component level, the steel-bonding method appeared to prove superior due to the smaller change in stiffness and the more even distribution of lateral loads.

The scouring effect is widely acknowledged as a primary contributor to the weakening in the bearing performance of offshore piles; it often results in asymmetric scour patterns around the pile. To meticulously examine the impact of three-dimensional asymmetric local scour on the lateral bearing performance of a single pile, the Boussinesq solution is employed to determine the effective stress within the soil encompassing the pile, considering the presence of a three-dimensional asymmetric local scour hole. Utilizing the strain wedge model, the calculation method for the lateral bearing performance of a single pile under the condition of three-dimensional asymmetric local scour is established. The validity of this approach is established, and parameter analysis unveils the effect of varying sizes of three-dimensional asymmetric scour holes on the mechanical properties and displacement performance of a single pile. The analysis reveals that, as scouring dimensions around the pile escalate, the impact of scouring on single-pile lateral displacement and internal forces intensifies, leading to a decrease in the lateral bearing performance of a single pile. At a constant scour depth, the bottom area of the upstream scour hole significantly influences the displacement performance of a single pile. When the bottom length Swb1 of the upstream scour hole grows by 1 time, 4 times, and 8 times, the lateral displacement of a single pile at a buried depth of 6 m is augmented by approximately 0.41%, 1.65%, and 2.06%, respectively. The simplified model obtained via the modified strain wedge model and Boussinesq solution can provide a theoretical basis for the preliminary design of a single pile under asymmetric scour hole conditions.