In this study, the Pseudomonas fluorescens-based lipase enzyme was utilized to enhance the comfort and hydrophilic properties of polyester/cotton blend fabric. The experiment was set up, the major influencing elements were examined, and the appropriate operational parameter levels were established using the Box-Behnken design approach. To express the wettability and moisture regain of treated fabrics, temperatures, lipase enzyme concentrations, and treatment time were taken as independent variables. The ideal optimum lipase enzyme treatment parameters were found to be 30 degrees C temperature, 14% lipase concentration, and 50 min of treatment time. At optimal operating conditions, the moisture regain and wettability for lipase-treated p/c blend fabrics enhanced to 1.8 +/- 0.02% and 6.3 cm capillary rise(2-s drop test and 2-s sinking time), respectively. The lipase enzyme-treated p/c blend fabrics are characterized by a totally reduced susceptibility to fabric pilling which is 4-5 as well as a restricted ability to combine oily impurities and a high oil-soil-release capability of stain removal index of 95% and also showed a surface resistivity decreased by one order of magnitude under normal conditions which is 470 s of half-life decay time. Generally, the effects of the lipase enzyme treatment on the fabric properties were then assessed by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, moisture regain, tensile strength, stain repellency, pilling resistance and anti-static charge generation.

BackgroundYellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) is a high-protein crop of considerable economic and ecological significance. It has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with Rhizobium, enriching marginal soils with this essential nutrient and reducing the need for artificial fertilizers. Additionally, lupine produces seeds with a high protein content, making it valuable for animal feed production. However, drought negatively affects lupine development, its mutualistic relationship with bacteria, and overall yield. To understand how lupine responds to this stress, global transcriptome sequencing was conducted, along with in-depth biochemical, chromatography, and microscopy analyses of roots subjected to drought. The results presented here contribute to strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of water deficit on lupine growth and development.ResultsBased on RNA-seq, drought-specific genes were identified and annotated to biological pathways involved in phytohormone biosynthesis/signaling, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis. Our findings indicate that drought-induced disruption of redox balance characterized by the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, coincided with the accumulation of lipid-metabolizing enzymes, such as phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX). This disruption also led to modifications in lipid homeostasis, including increased levels of triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acids (FFA), along with a decrease in polar lipid content. Additionally, the stress response involved alterations in the transcriptional regulation of the linolenic acid metabolism network, resulting in changes in the composition of fatty acids containing 18 carbons.ConclusionThe first comprehensive global transcriptomic profiles of lupine roots, combined with the identification of key stress-responsive molecules, represent a significant advancement in understanding lupine's responses to abiotic stress. The increased expression of the Delta 12DESATURASE gene and enhanced PLD activity lead to higher level of linoleic acid (18:2), which is subsequently oxidized by LOX, resulting in membrane damage and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Oxidative stress elevates the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT), while the conversion of FFAs into TAGs provides protection against ROS. This research offers valuable molecular and biochemical candidates with significant potential to enhance drought tolerance . It enables innovative strategies in lupine breeding and crop improvement to address critical agricultural challenges.

Plastic pollution is a common concern of global environmental pollution. Polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) account for almost one-third of global plastic production. However, so far, there have been few reports on microbial strains capable of simultaneously degrading PS and PE. In this study, Microbacterium esteraromaticum SW3, a non-pathogenic microorganism that can use PS or PE as the only carbon source in the mineral salt medium (MM), was isolated from plastics-contaminated soil and identified. The optimal growth conditions for SW3 in MM were 2% (w/v) PS or 2% (w/v) PE, 35 degrees C and pH 6.3. A large number of bacteria and obvious damaged areas were observed on the surface of PS and PE products after inoculated with SW3 for 21 d. The degradation rates of PS and PE by SW3 (21d) were 13.17% and 5.39%, respectively. Manganese peroxidase and lipase were involved in PS and PE degradation by SW3. Through Fourier infrared spectroscopy detection, different functional groups such as carbonyl, hydroxyl and amidogen groups were produced during the degradation of PS and PE by SW3. Moreover, PS and PE were degraded into alkanes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and so on detected by GC-MS. Collectively, we have isolated and identified SW3, which can use PS or PE as the only carbon source in MM as well as degrade PS and PE products. This study not only provides a competitive candidate strain with broad biodegradability for the biodegradation of PS and/or PE pollution, but also provides new insights for the study of plastic biodegradation pathways.