The mono-column composite bucket foundation (MCCBF) is a new offshore wind turbine foundation suitable for shallow overburden geology. There are few studies on the bearing capacity and deformation of the new subdivided structure 's all-steel MCCBF in layered soil under cyclic loading. This article conducts cyclic bearing characteristics tests on MCCBF in layered soil and shallow overburden layers and studies the ultimate bearing capacity, cumulative rotation angle development rules, and stiffness evolution mechanism. Combined with the finite element analysis results, a calculation method for the ultimate bearing capacity under layered soil is established. The results show that under bidirectional and multidirectional cyclic loading, the ultimate bearing capacity of pure sand changes little, but the strength of clay is reduced, and the ultimate bearing performance decreases. In the clay overlying sand, under high -amplitude cyclic loading, the strength of the sand at the bottom increases, which increases the cumulative angle stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity of the MCCBF. After cyclic loading, the shallow overburden layer will prevent the load from transferring to the deeper soil layer. The foundation will drive the soil in the compartment to slide on the surface of the shallow overburden layer, resulting in a decrease in the load-bearing performance. The initial stiffness of the foundation is increased so that the stiffness change during the cycle is not apparent. Finally, the accuracy of the calculation formula for the ultimate bearing capacity of MCCBF under layered soil is proposed and verified.