Rising infrastructure density and transportation networks along the riverbank landslide alter critical stress and horizontal displacement in riverbank soils, contributing to erosion. Early warning systems can detect structural changes in soil to help mitigate damage. However, there is still a lack of studies evaluating horizontal pressure in landslide masses under the influence of load and horizontal displacement causing erosion or externally induced stress. This study presents a monitoring system based on wireless transmission technology combined with sensors embedded in the soil to track the displacement of the soil mass along the riverbank. The system uses tilt, soil moisture, and earth pressure sensors to collect real-time data on the mechanical properties of the soil. Experimental results show that a load of 17.5 kPa can destabilize the slope, with tilt angles increasing significantly as soil mass shifts toward the canal. The maximum recorded horizontal soil pressure is 2.77 kPa. The analysis reveals significant discrepancies between analytical methods and finite element method (FEM) in predicting soil behavior under loads, highlighting the superior accuracy of FEM, especially at higher loads. This research contributes to developing a reliable information system for managing landslide risks as well as externally induced stress, protecting people and infrastructure.

River-controlled permafrost dynamics are crucial for sediment transport, infrastructure stability, and carbon cycle, yet are not well understood under climate change. Leveraging remotely sensed datasets, in-situ hydrological observations, and physics-based models, we reveal overall warming and widening rivers across the Tibetan Plateau in recent decades, driving accelerated sub-river permafrost thaw. River temperature of a representative (Tuotuohe River) on the central Tibetan Plateau, has increased notably (0.39 degrees C/decade) from 1985 to 2017, facilitating heat transfer into the underlying permafrost via both convection and conduction. Consequently, the permafrost beneath rivers warms faster (0.37 degrees C-0.66 degrees C/decade) and has a similar to 0.5 m thicker active layer than non-inundated permafrost (0.17 degrees C-0.49 degrees C/decade). With increasing river discharge, the inundated area expands laterally along the riverbed (16.4 m/decade), further accelerating permafrost thaw for previously non-inundated bars. Under future warmer and wetter climate, the anticipated intensification of sub-river permafrost degradation will pose risks to riverine infrastructure and amplify permafrost carbon release.

The erosion of riverbanks is a significant and capricious national concern. The Al Muwahada channel in Iraq experiences instability in its banks, resulting in failure, retreat, and morphological alterations. These issues are mostly caused by factors such as the velocity of the flow, the angle of the slope, and type of soil. This study investigated the behavior of canal bank soil in response to erosion and variations in slope angle. Therefore, a physical model of a case study was established in the laboratory. Additionally, a slope angle of 26 & ring; is being utilized, which has not been previously studied in the laboratory. This angle will be tested with five different velocity values: 0.101 m/s, 0.116 m/s, 0.12 m/s, 0.13 m/s, and 0.135 m/s. The bank's deformation was measured for a period of 12 hours, which was divided into 4 equal intervals for each velocity. The study determined that a riverbank with a slope of 26 & ring; is more resistant to erosion when the velocity of the water is below 0.12 m/s. Velocities equal to or greater than 0.12 m/s have a substantial impact on the erosion of the riverbed. According to this study, a velocity of 0.12 m/s or higher leads to increased erosion of the riverbank. This is equivalent to a velocity of 0.804 m/s in the prototype channel. The of the riverbank that has suffered the greatest damage due to erosion is the upper two-thirds. The used methodology supports global efforts to increase information about the behavior of river banks with unexplored rivers that have different flow velocities and bank slope angles.

Erosion of riverbanks is a natural phenomenon, which leads to the loss of important agricultural land areas. At the same time, riverbank erosion can be considered a natural risk that can cause major damage to road and railway infrastructure, flood management infrastructure, biodiversity and even the population located in flood risk areas. This phenomenon is generally more pronounced in the meanders of the rivers and in regions with higher flow rates, but it can be accentuated due to climate change which can lead to changes in watercourse flows. This study aimed to estimate the net annual soil loss due to riverbank erosion on the Siret River, Romania, using aerial photogrammetry and GIS analysis.