Sustainable agriculture for food security, food safety and food nutrient values within the existing operational land area are three major challenges in the current agriculture research and development. The levels of nutrient losses, pesticides, moisture content, climate change and plant protection aggregates need to be detected at appropriate time to prevent food damage and sustain food security. There is a need for sensors having low detection limits with high selectivity towards the target species present in soil, plants, food, preservatives and storage vessels under ambient conditions. Nanoregime offer ambit a viable tool to promulgate them easily in plant tissues, micro-sized thermocouples and soil moisture probes. Nanoparticles and nanocomposites based materials formulate an interesting branch on account of their unique electrical, optical and spectroscopic properties. The present review aims to integrate the role of nanotechnology in current agriculture sector and amendments required to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors.

Petroleum hydrocarbon-induced environmental degradation has escalated, necessitating immediate remediation due to the ongoing growth of communities and modernization of civilization. Both carbon and energy can be obtained from hydrocarbons of petroleum, which are decomposed by a wide variety of microorganisms found in nature. Many times, remediation of places damaged by oil using biological means is accomplished by using bacteria that have such characteristics. Hence, this review attempt to highlight on the oil contaminated soil, source of oil pollution, the composition of oil, the impact of oil contamination on the living organisms additionally, the destiny of oil in the environment, how bacteria distributed in the soil and the most common degradable bacteria and their role in oil biodegradation with some attention on the impact of their enzymes. Also, considering the mechanism of biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic oil hydrocarbon compounds, how bacteria taking up oil hydrocarbons and the influence of several elements on the processes of oil biodegradation. Furthermore, it; reducing pollution contributes to achieving sustainable development goals.

Rice Resin (R) is a biomass-sourced plastic material upcycled from discarded inedible rice, such as old rice and broken rice generated by rice factories. Rice resins are plant-based materials, essentially making them eco-friendly. They can reduce CO2 emissions by almost 30% compared to conventional petroleum-based plastic products. Therefore, the realization of the SDGs can be easily ensured with the utilization of this material. Rice resins are granular materials and therefore can be used as the drainage enhancing materials for soil improvement. The objective of this research is to clarify the physical and mechanical properties of rice resin, which has potential to use as liquefaction prevention (drainage effect) material. For this purpose, particle size distribution test, density test, minimum and maximum density test of rice resins were conducted. Furthermore, a medium-scale triaxial compression and permeability testing apparatus was used to conduct the consolidated-drained (CD) triaxial compression test and the constant head permeability test. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The shear strength of rice resin is smaller than that of the gravel and larger than that of tire chips, which are currently used as a substitute material for gravel, (2) the volumetric strain of rice resin shows the same shrinkage and expansion as that of gravel, (3) the angle of rice resin is slightly smaller than that of gravel, (4) the permeability of rice resin is similar to that of gravel, making it an effective-drainage material in liquefaction prevention of ground.

Study region: The Shule River Basin (SRB) in northwestern China is a representative area of global glacier-covered arid areas. Study focus: Water resources have greatly influenced sustainable development in global arid re-gions where glacier runoff is an important component of water resource supply. This study focused on the assessment of the water resources-carrying capacity in the SRB based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicator 6.4.2, level of water stress (LWS). New hydrological insights for the region: During the period between 2000 and 2030, the runoff of the SRB was predicted to follow an overall increasing trend. From 2000 to 2020, the annual average runoff in the upper reaches of the SRB was 10.9 x 10(8) m(3), and then from 2021 to 2030, it increased by 22.8 %. According this trend, the average contribution of glacier meltwater to the total basin runoff is expected to decrease from the current 23 % to 15 % by 2030 (Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6, RCP 2.6). The supply of fresh-water resources has been close to the level of demand since 2015 and the LWS may increase between 2021 and 2030. The existence of glacial meltwater is expected to result in the continued reduction of basin water stress in the SRB by an average of 0.71 during the period between 2000 and 2030. Therefore, it is necessary to control water consumption of the socioeconomic system and adjust the industrial structure to face or adapt to the crisis of water shortage in global glacier-covered arid areas.

Appropriate human activities can have significantly positive effects on vegetation dynamics. In the past 50 years, various ecological policies have improved both ecological change and human well-being in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), efficiently achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. During 1981-2017, the annual mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the protected areas (PAs) tended to increase significantly at a rate of 2.93 x 10(-4)/a (p < 0.01), while non-PAs only increased by 0.6 x 10(-4)/a (p < 0.5). Improvement in the NDVI of the PAs is more obvious than that of non-PAs. Specifically, the earlier the establishment of the Pas is, the more significant the greening effect will be. Moreover, ecological protection has not slowed improvements in human welfare; on the contrary, the Human Development Index (HDI) has nearly doubled in the past 40 years. In terms of global ecological construction, the Chinese government has demonstrated the responsibilities of a large country in global ecological governance. Chinese initiatives can guide other nations in contributing to the global sustainability aspirations embodied in the 2030 SDGs Agenda. This study can be used as a reference for other countries in the world to coordinate the development of ecological protection and well-being.