A share-point is a cutting edge of the ploughshare, the crucial component of a horizontally reversible plough (HRP). Our previous trials in sandy loam soil indicated that severe abrasion/attrition wear with white materials appeared at the share-point in the high-speed shifting tillage operation of the HRP. This mechanical fatigue was demonstrated to be caused by the flowing soil-tool interaction. But whether the white materials are associated with the thermal effects due to the high-speed tillage is not known. This paper extended our previous work to evaluate the thermal effects by using a combined multi-body dynamics analysis (MDA) and fluid-solid-thermal simulation. The dynamic interaction between soil and share-point was studied with the MDA approach. Based on the generated tillage forces through the MDA, a fluid-solid-thermal model of the ploughshare was developed to investigate the specific quantitative results, maximum stresses and temperatures observed at the share-point, which were further compared with the published worn-lands at the same tillage conditions (such as tillage speed and depth). The comparisons showed that the maximum coupled stresses and tillage temperatures in this study both appeared at the share-point, particularly at the most severe abrasion/attrition with white materials, and that they were both varied with the different working conditions or the different tillage behaviours. Our findings demonstrate that the high-speed shifting operation of HRP has the thermal effects on the share-point wear due to the fact that the greatly varied tillage temperatures can accelerate to impact the surface integrity because of the thermal stresses detrimental to the micro-shape or size shape at the share-point section. This result may add to the knowledge base usefully applicable to the design of the high-speed mouldboard.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L. cv.' Xin Ziran 1 '), classified within an agricultural crop, necessitates uprooting as a critical harvesting process. In this paper, we tried to study the force dynamics behind direct cumin uprooting by developing mechanical models for field uprooting and taproot-soil friction. A mechanical model for cumin uprooting and a friction model between the cumin taproot and sandy loam soil were built. The coefficient of static friction was determined using laboratory experiments. Pull-out, tensile force, and field uprooting experiments were conducted to validate the model. The physical and mechanical properties of the taproot were also measured. DEM simulation was employed for pull-out analysis. The static coefficient of friction between the cumin taproot and sandy loam soil was found to be approximately 0.766. The mechanical model showed high precision (0.4% and 5% error rates). Measured taproot properties included 80.91% moisture content, 0.40 Poisson's ratio, 15.95 MPa elastic modulus, 5.70 MPa shear modulus, and 3.49 MPa bending strength. A DEM simulation revealed agreement with experimental observations for maximum frictional resistance at pull-out. The minimum resistance was noted at the extraction angle of 60 degrees. The developed mechanical model for cumin uprooting was satisfactory in accuracy. Overcoming initial soil resistance is the primary factor affecting pull-out force magnitude. The optimized extraction angle had the potential to decrease uprooting resistance, improving harvesting efficiency.

Soil moisture generally refers to the amount of water stored between soil particles in the spaces (pores). The moisture content of soil influences its mechanical properties thus resulting in different soil behaviour. Applying a load of a wheel to the surface of soil cause a reduction in soil pore volume (soil deformation) and that depends on the physical composition of the soil, dampness (water content), density, and the initial compression state. Thus, the wheel sinks into the soil to a certain depth until the soil produces a resistance force (load-bearing capacity)equal to that of the wheel load. The amount of load-bearing capacity depends on the moisture content of the soil. In this article, interest will be given to studying the connection between the sandy loam soil moisture content and the load-bearing capacity. At the laboratory of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (Szent Istvan Campus), the measurements were performed to determine the connection of load-bearing capacity of the sandy loam soil with different moisture content. Was used a Bevameter technique to measure the force, displacement, and moisture analyser to determine the moisture content level ofsoil. The obtained result shows when the moisture content level increases, the sinkage also increases which means the load-bearing capacity of the soil decreases.