The influencing mechanism of the spatial variability in concrete materials on the seismic damage of concrete gravity dams is still unclear, and existing methods for evaluating the seismic damage are insufficient. In this work, the effects of concrete's spatial variability on the seismic damage distribution, energy dissipation, and deformation in concrete gravity dams are performed based on the damaged plastic model of concrete. Prior to the seismic damage analysis, the method for seismic inputting and the correlation function for realizing random fields of concrete materials are carefully determined. Based on the seismic damage analysis of the Koyna gravity dam, the tensile strength has the greatest influence on the seismic damage, followed by the elastic modulus and fracture energy. Aiming at the parameter of tensile strength, the decrease of correlation distance and the increase of the coefficient of variation increase the damage degree and complicate the damage distribution. A convenient and comprehensive damage profiling indicator is proposed to avoid the one-sidedness and evaluation error caused by using a single scalar damage value. The triangular area enclosed by the three individual damage indexes represents the comprehensive damage degree, and the shape change of the damage triangle indicates the change in the damage pattern of the dam. This damage profiling indicator is specifically designed to quantitatively distinguish and evaluate the damage degrees between a series of damage cases.

In this work, a numerical study of the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and granular material-structure interaction (GSI) on the nonlinear response and seismic capacity of flat-bottomed storage silos is conducted. A series of incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) are performed on a case of large reinforced concrete silo using 10 seismic recordings. The IDA results are given by two average IDA capacity curves, which are represented, as well as the seismic capacity of the studied structure, with and without a consideration of the SSI while accounting for the effect of GSI. These curves are used to quantify and evaluate the damage of the studied silo by utilizing two damage indices, one based on dissipated energy and the other on displacement and dissipated energy. The cumulative energy dissipation curves obtained by the average IDA capacity curves with and without SSI are presented as a function of the base shear, and these curves allow one to obtain the two critical points and the different limit states of the structure. It is observed that the SSI and GSI significantly influence the seismic response and capacity of the studied structure, particularly at higher levels of PGA. Moreover, the effect of the SSI reduces the damage index of the studied structure by 4%.