Weakness and fragility are the main aspects of damage to archaeological bones in excavation areas, museums and storage facilities caused by improper conditions. The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of nano-terpolymers composed of methyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and acrylamide, which have been synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions, for the consolidation of bone artifacts. To achieve this study, samples of modern sheep animal bones were prepared and subjected to thermal aging. Subsequently, these samples were treated with the prepared terpolymer at different concentrations. The treated samples were then thermally aged to test the efficiency of the material. The characteristics of the prepared terpolymer were measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TAG). The bone samples treated with different concentrations of the prepared terpolymer were analyzed before and after heat aging using modeling, different microscopes and measurement of color change. The findings from the majority of investigation conducted in this study suggest that the ideal concentration of the polymer for the treatment of fragile and weak bones is 4 % followed by 2 % being the next most effective concentration. The 6 % concentration should be disregarded, as it produced unfavorable outcomes from a conservation perspective. Moreover, the density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the synthesized terpolymer with bone structure showed the electrostatic intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction with amino acids of collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite which gave it stability. (c) 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Rubber-sand mixtures (RSM), characterized by low unit weight, strong elastic deformation ability, good durability, and high energy dissipation, hold significant potential for civil engineering applications. However, research on the time-dependent dynamic behavior remains relatively scarce, limiting their broader application in practical construction. A thorough understanding of this behavior is critical for ensuring long-term performance of RSM across various engineering contexts. In the study, the effects of rubber's thermal aging and loading history, two key factors of time-dependent behavior, on the dynamic properties of RSM under small to medium strains were investigated. Aging of rubber particles was accelerated through oven aging experiments, followed by resonant column tests to determine the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of RSM samples with rubber particles of varying aging levels (5 %, 10%, 15 %, and 20% rubber content). Furthermore, multiple load tests were also conducted on the same samples to assess the impact of loading history on RSM's dynamic properties. The results reveal that thermal aging causes volumetric expansion and a reduction in compressive strength of rubber particles, leading to changes in the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of RSM. Specifically, the dynamic shear modulus initially decreases during early aging stages, then increases, eventually stabilizing, while the damping ratio consistently decreases with prolonged aging. With repeated loading cycles resulting in a reduction in dynamic shear modulus and an increase in damping ratio. These results improve our understanding of this composite's long-term behavior and offer practical advice for its use in seismic isolation and geotechnical engineering.

In order to reveal the effect mechanism of hydrothermal aging on jute fiber (JF)-reinforced waterborne acrylic resin (WAR) composites and broaden the application of JF in the field of composites, JF/WAR composites were prepared in this paper to explore the impact mechanism of hydrothermal aging on the flexural properties and volatile organic compound (VOC) release of composites. The results showed that the atomic kinetic energy increased with increasing temperature at 25 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 60 degrees C, and the diffusion coefficient increased by 476.88 % at 60 degrees C. The weight loss rates were 1.53 %, 2.71 %, and 5.07 %, respectively. The weakening of the CO peaks, O-H peaks as well as C--O proved the degradation of JF and WAR. The flexural strength of the samples decreased to 63.43 MPa, 59.87 MPa, and 42.88 MPa with increasing temperature at 25 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 60 degrees C, respectively, and the flexural modulus was more sensitive to hydrothermal aging. Under short-term hydrothermal aging conditions, the composites all complied with Fick law. Water molecules diffuse, adsorb and dissolve hydrophilic VOC molecules in the pores of the composite materials. Non-Fick diffusion behaviors occurred under long-term hydrothermal aging conditions, and serious damage occurred at the interface of the fiber matrix, with fiber breakage as the main damage mode, and the transmission resistance of VOC will decrease after 1440 mins hydrothermal aging, and the release of VOC will increase significantly.