Ezine Stream Watershed, located in the Black Sea Region, Kastamonu, T & uuml;rkiye, is a flood-prone area. A devastating flood occurred on August 11, 2021, causing 70 fatalities and considerable damage to structures along the stream channel. In this study, a hydrodynamic model of the watershed was developed using the Environmental Protection Agency's Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). The main channel and floodplain were simultaneously modeled utilizing the 'irregular channel' option in SWMM. The model was calibrated and verified using historical precipitation and discharge data. The validity was further evaluated by comparing outputs with observations from photos and videos taken on-site by local authorities and residents during the flood. The model was manually calibrated focusing on optimizing depression storage, soil drying time, curve number, and roughness coefficients for the channels and subcatchments. The model results served as the basis for implementing flood control strategies. Three scenarios were proposed for flood mitigation: the implementation of a newly designed improved channel, the construction of a flood control dam, and the installation of 15 check dams. The flood mitigation effectiveness of each scenario was assessed, and a thorough analysis was conducted to determine the optimal choice for the region. Consequently, each scenario played a significant role in reducing the peak flow rate. Among these scenarios, the flood control dam demonstrated the most substantial impact on reducing the flood flow. This study offers beneficial findings to the decision-makers on flood control planning in the watershed and contributes to future research in the field.

The challenges related to sanitation and water management in new urban communities have contributed to the emergence of visions of Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) and Water Sensitive Urban Design in cities worldwide to keep pace with these subtle changes the shape of the urban environment. This research paper aims to monitor the main obstacles and challenges facing residents of new cities in Egypt and the environmental impacts resulting from those challenges in the urban context. A questionnaire was conducted among a group of the population. This study took the economic houring model for low-income people in the 6th of October City in Egypt as a case stud. As a result, the study found that the main challenges facing the residents of these areas and their impacts are: I 1) Lack of regulag maintenance. 2) Health risks to the population. 3) Damaging of public parks and gardent. 4) Pollution of the surounding environment, including soil and water. 5) Lack of state funding for maintenance and Limited financial resources available for projects in this type of housing. 6) Lack of government engagement in preparing programs to raise population awareness and clarity in environmental goals and quality of life policies. 7) Lack of community initiatives to participate in decision-making. 8) Lack of political guidance on planning processes for sustainable infrastructure.

This study aimed to develop an energy-efficient process for treating highly saline textile wastewater (TWW) in a 10 m3/day pilot plant and evaluate forage sorghum irrigation with treated wastewater in terms of crop production and soil and irrigation device performance. The TWW treatment pilot plant, consisting of a coagulation/flocculation unit followed by a sand filter and an anion exchange resin column, produced treated effluent that complied with the permissible limits specified in the ISO 16075-2:2020 standard for Category C irrigation water. The corresponding average energy consumption was 1.77 kWh/m3. Reusing treated TWW for forage sorghum irrigation over a 13-week cycle yielded crop performances comparable with freshwater irrigation, with no negative impact on the irrigation system. Although soil profiles were similar between treated TWW and freshwater irrigation, both soils featured an increase in electrical conductivity, which may reversibly or irreversibly affect soil quality and damage salt-sensitive crops. These findings demonstrate the effective treatment and reuse of saline TWW for irrigating salt-tolerant crops, offering significant implications for industrial wastewater management and cropping patterns in arid and semi-arid regions. A 10-m3/day pilot plant was developed for the treatment of highly saline textile wastewater. The pilot plant demonstrated average removal efficiencies of 63% for COD, 97% for colour, 96% for TSS and 21% for EC. Treated effluent met ISO 16075-2:2020 standards for Category C irrigation water, with an average energy consumption of 1.77 kWh/m3. The use of treated wastewater showed sorghum crop production comparable with freshwater irrigation. The use of treated wastewater had no adverse effects on the irrigation system; however, it led to an increase in soil electrical conductivity.

This study introduces a cutting-edge, high-resolution tool leveraging the predictive prowess of convolutional neural networks to advance the field of hazard assessment in urban pluvial flooding scenarios. The tool uniquely accounts for the high heterogeneity of urban space and the potential impact of complex climate scenarios, which are often underestimated by traditional data-reliant methods. Employing Shenzhen as a case study, the model showcased superior accuracy, resilience, and interpretability, illuminating potential flood hazards. The performance analysis shows that the model can accurately predict the vast majority of urban flood depths, but has errors in extreme flood predictions (depths greater than 35 cm). Findings underscore escalating flood impacts under enhanced scenario loads, with western and central Shenzhen-regions rife with construction-highlighted as particularly vulnerable. Under the most severe matrix scenario (Scenario 25), economic losses are estimated to be about $25,484 million. These commercial and residential hotspots are anticipated to suffer maximum economic loss, with these two areas accounting for 39.6% and 25.1% of the total losses, necessitating reinforced mitigation efforts, especially during extreme rainfall events and high soil saturation levels. In addition, the flooding control strategies should prioritize the reduction of flood inundation areas and integrate functionally oriented land use characteristics in their development. By aiding in the precise identification of flood-prone areas, this research expedites the development of efficient evacuation plans, bolsters urban sustainability, and augments climate resilience, ultimately mitigating flood-induced economic tolls.

The sugarcane industry has been suffering from unstable productivity on commercial fields. The major factors causing this problem are mechanized harvesting damage to cane clumps in the field and the slow process of releasing and adopting new sugarcane cultivars. By utilizing new micropropagation processes involving the extraction of apical meristem from new cultivars and biofactory methods for multiplying the material, it is possible to produce an extraordinary number of sugarcane seedlings to provide nurseries rapidly with new cultivars for planting on commercial fields. The goal of this study was to evaluate several irrigation strategies (IS) to determine the best one for supplying the biofactory sugarcane seedlings water requirements, under conditions of different volumes of substrate (VS): 56, 73, 93 and 125 cm3. The irrigation management experiment comprised eight IS based on different periods of accumulated reference evapotranspiration (ETo). We found that the irrigation application must occur at intervals below 30 mm of accumulated ETo. IS1 (maintenance of soil moisture at field capacity) results in a larger number of tillers, longer extension of the primary stalks, and enhanced dry matter (DM) yield independent of VS. The VS factor accounted for statistical differences in sugarcane survival rate and morphological characteristics, but only for low initial soil moisture conditions. The intermediate VS of 73 cm3 was the best option for plants to thrive in the field; larger VS (93 and 125 cm3) produced young plants with many leaves, which transpire a lot in the field, increasing the chances of early death under water stress after planting; the smaller VS (56 cm3) resulted in young plants with small root systems and minimal water reservoirs, resulting in lower survival under drought conditions.

Grouting is normally undertaken to reduce the permeability of rock or soil formations and this process is used extensively in the construction of hydraulic structures such as dams, tunnels and in a wide variety of special cases. Even though the application of the grouting technique to reduce the permeability of rock formations has been reported in literature, no serious attempts are reported about the effective use of this technique to reduce the permeability of soil formations. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the effectiveness of grouting in reducing the permeability of the granular medium. Constant head permeability tests were carried out on the sand medium treated with different grouting materials such as cement, bentonite, lime, locally available clay and different combinations of the above materials. By grouting with different grout materials (e.g., in the case of cement - bentonite grout) the permeability of the medium sand got reduced from 10(-4) m/s to 10(-9) m/s. The present study undoubtedly proves the effectiveness of using grouting as an efficient technique in reducing the permeability of sandy soils.

Climate change has become a hot topic both in the scientific community and the population in general. Despite the climate pattern has been changing continuously during the Earth's history due to changes in the atmosphere, topography, volcanic activity, and other natural factors, this change seems to have been exacerbated recently due to the alteration of the greenhouse gases content in the atmosphere by the humanity. It is easy to understand why the water cycle is one of the most environmental drivers affected by climate change. Global warming, leaded last century by the climate change, has involved alterations in the temperature, precipitation and evaporation patters. From the point of view of the water resources, these changes include an increase in the freshwater losses from terrestrial sources (glaciers, ice and snow, lakes, soil moisture, swamps, groundwater, marches and rivers) by evaporation and sublimation from fresh water deposits and transpiration from the vegetation, but also change in the rainfall quantity and patterns. As a result, climate change has leaded short-and long-term alterations in the frequency of extreme water-related events such as floods of droughts, which directly impact, on the quantity but also water resources quality, especially in islands environments. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.