共检索到 47

http://www.nieer.cas.cn/ 青藏高原及周边高山地区统称为“第三极”地区,是除南北极外最大的冰川集中区。在全球气候变暖背景下,第三极地区正经历显著增温,气温上升加速了冰川消融,进而影响区域生态平衡。第三极冰川前缘作为海拔最高的陆地脆弱生境之一,对气候及冰川变化响应敏感。深入了解冰川前缘植被动态,对科学评估冰缘生态系统响应气候至关重要。然而,受制于观测条件,目前仍缺乏对该地区冰缘植被的大范围系统性观测研究。 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院上官冬辉研究员团队与兰州交通大学、中巴地球科学联合研究中心及南通大学相关研究团队合作,选取第三极地区9条代表性冰川,在其前缘布设样地并获取植被信息。利用植被指数量化了冰川退缩时间序列上植物群落特征的变化,并结合植物区系相似性指数,系统分析了不同样地间及不同冰川前缘间的植物区系相似性。 研究显示,物种多样性和植被盖度沿冰川退缩时间序列呈波动增加趋势,且在海洋性冰川前缘的增加速率尤为显著。所有冰川前缘的植物生活型在演替早期阶段较为相似,但随着演替推进,生活型组成开始分化,在不同类型冰川前缘间差异更为明显。此外,不同冰川前缘间具有植物区系相似性,其中地理位置邻近且属于同一类型冰川的前缘地区植物区系相似性最高。 该研究揭示了局地气候与地理因子在塑造冰川前缘生态系统及植物区系格局中扮演的关键作用,为阐明气候变化对冰川前缘生态系统的影响提供了科学依据,并为区域生物多样性保护工作提供了理论指导。 该成果以Vegetation successional dynamics and floristic similarity across various glacier forelands in the third pole为题发表于国际知名学术期刊Global and Planetary Change上。兰州交通大学魏天锋副教授为本文第一作者,西北研究院上官冬辉研究员为本文通讯作者。研究得到中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)和国家自然科学基金等项目的资助。 论文链接:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104916 (A)研究区地理区位图,(B)被研究冰川在小冰期和2019年的冰川末端海拔,(C)被研究冰川在小冰期至2019年间的冰川退缩距离

2025-06-09 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院

Glacier forelands provide ideal natural laboratories for studying primary vegetation succession. However, understanding of vegetation dynamics on glacier forelands in the Third Pole (TP) region remains limited. In this study, we employed field sampling and aerial photography to investigate key vegetation parameters (species composition, species diversity, and fractional vegetation cover (FVC)) along chronosequences on nine representative glacier forelands of the TP, spanning continental, subcontinental, and maritime glacier types, then analyzed vegetation changes along successional gradients and assessed floristic similarity both within and among the glacier forelands. Our results showed that species diversity and FVC generally exhibited increasing trends, with fluctuations from young to old forelands. These parameters increased more rapidly on maritime glacier forelands. Plant life-forms were similar during the early stages across all forelands but began to diverge as succession progressed, particularly between different glacier types. Furthermore, floristic similarity was observed between glacier forelands, with the highest similarity occurring between forelands of the same glacier type in adjacent geographic locations. Our findings highlight the critical roles of local climate and geographic factors in shaping proglacial ecosystems and flora, providing a scientific basis for understanding the effects of climate change on proglacial ecosystems and guiding biodiversity conservation efforts.

期刊论文 2025-06-03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104916 ISSN: 0921-8181

Black truffle, Tuber melanosporum Vittad., production is increasing due to an improvement in cultivation management and to the demand for this highly appreciated fungus. However, this intensification of truffle cultivation has led to the appearance of problems related to pest incidence. Specifically, the truffle beetle, Leiodes cinnamomeus (Panzer, 1793) (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), causes significant losses in black truffle marketability. However, its biology is still poorly known, and no effective agro-ecological methods exist to mitigate its damage to the truffles. This study aimed at assessing the population dynamics of L. cinnamomeus over four seasons (2019-2023) in an orchard located in NE Spain and relating these dynamics to weather variables and damage to truffle fruit bodies. Moreover, we described the diversity of arthropods captured in the traps in search of potential natural enemies of this beetle. The maximum population peak was observed in November, except for a single season in which it occurred in December. Moreover, the sex ratio was balanced (0.54 on average), but it varied over the growing season and among years. Significant and positive relationships of the population density of truffle beetles with air temperature and relative humidity were observed. The number of beetles per trap and day was strongly linked to heat accumulation. Finally, the Carabid Percus (Pseudopercus) patruelis (L. Daufour, 1820) was identified as a natural enemy of L. cinnamomeus. These results could be used in the future for monitoring and predicting truffle beetle populations.

期刊论文 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/jen.13421 ISSN: 0931-2048

Intensive agriculture development and achievement to higher profitability has inflicted permanent damage on agroecosystems. Rapid deterioration of structure and functional properties in agroecosystems has intensified the need for research on agroecosystem health and management. To assess the health status of wheat agroecosystems in the agricultural lands of Bandar-e-Turkmen county (Golestan province, Iran), we were used the variables of weed and natural enemies biodiversity, soil health (carbon and organic matter, microbial respiration, earthworm, soil salinity, and acidity), environmental indexes (environmental effects of pesticides (EIQ) and nitrate leaching) and vegetation indexes (RVI, cultivar type, and grain yield). In this study, thematic layers were prepared in ArcGIS and overlayed according to three scenarios. Then final layer was classified into three classes of health. Based on the results, only 8.47% (5 fields) were located in the first health class. These fields were characterized by high grain yield, low weed biodiversity, minimal pesticides use, optimal soil conditions, high RVI, and the presence of earthworms and natural enemies. Also, we found that 42 fields (71.19%) were placed in the second health class. Increase of biodiversity and population of weeds, lower grain yield, and reducing the quantity and quality of soil variables were important factors that reduced the health degree of these fields. Based on the results, 20.34% of the area (12 fields) in the central and western parts of the county was placed in the unhealthy class. It seems that increasing the environmental restrictions, including salinity higher than 6 ds/m, high weed diversity, increasing the consumption of harmful and dangerous pesticides with high environmental impact, and less grain yield than the potential of cultivars, were the main reasons for placing these fields in the unhealthy class. Also, the most important factors of decreasing the health degree of fields, frequency of weeds, increasing consumption of chemical pesticides, low soil organic matter, absence of earthworms, and decreasing grain yield were identified. Generally, management of weeds, implementation of crop rotation, preservation of plant residues on the soil surface, and development of conservation agriculture can help to improve the health indicators of wheat agroecosystems.

期刊论文 2025-05-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-03443-4 ISSN: 2045-2322

The protection of medicinal plants has been effective as a key factor in preserving the environment of medicinal plants. As such, this paper aims to map the environment of medicinal plants based on biodiversity and indigenous knowledge, in which its role is constantly seen in environmental studies. The study method was based on field survey in the target areas: Morvarid, Heiderabad, Dehmoord, Fath al-Mubin in Darab city in Fars province. Based on the findings of the study, a total of 89 species belonging to 43 families in the target areas were identified, with the highest frequency belonging to the Mint family. According to the results of studies, Anghozeh, Baneh, Thyme Shirazi, Arjan, Kenar, Jashir (Prangos), Lemon balm, Myrtus, cumins, and Kakuti in need of protective measures. Combining indigenous plant ethnological knowledge with new technologies along with high genetic diversity will be the way to control damage and protect the effective genes of medicinal plants. Ultimately, the elimination of the inheritance of desirable plant genes will lead to the erosive growth and acceleration of the regression of plant cover, which is considered as a rich chain and preserver of soil sanctity and stability of nature in the environment.

期刊论文 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.23.00117 ISSN: 1496-2551

Lake Van is T & uuml;rkiye's largest lake, and within it lies Akdamar, a small seven-hectare island. In 2008, eight feral European rabbits were introduced to the island to attract tourists. With no natural predators, their population had increased to 3,000 by 2016, causing severe ecological damage, destroying almond trees, accelerating soil erosion, and damaging historical buildings through burrowing. In response, local authorities launched a management programme from 2016 to 2017, removing 1,500 rabbits through physical control methods such as live trapping, net trapping, and night spotlighting. However, funding shortages halted further efforts, and the population surged to an estimated 4,000-5,000 by 2023. The rabbits now occupy the entire island, degrading vegetation, diminishing ecosystem services, and threatening tourism. According to the assessment conducted in this study, the situation is classified as causing major ecological impacts under the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa and minor cultural effects under the Socio-Economic Impact Classification of Alien Taxa. Therefore, urgent, long-term management solutions are essential to prevent further degradation, with public awareness campaigns, community involvement, and education can help reduce human-mediated spread and promote responsible behaviour. Coupled with sustainable, effective management strategies, these efforts are vital to preserving the island's ecosystem and cultural heritage.

期刊论文 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2025.2491145 ISSN: 0939-7140

Ecosystem engineers are a critical driver of material cycling and energy flow in degraded or damaged ecosystems, and they are considered to be keystone species for ecological restoration. Despite their importance, there are relatively few studies that quantify the roles of ecosystem engineers during ecological restoration. In this study, the influence of excavation by Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) on biological processes during the restoration in burned forest sites in subtropical China were assessed. Results showed that plant species preferentially colonized burrow habitats and animal species intensively utilized burrow resources, benefiting the restoration of biodiversity in burned forest habitats. One year following forest fire, the network complexity and stability of plants and animals in burned habitats with burrows were significantly higher than those without burrows. The significantly positive associations between animals, especially birds, and multiple plant species suggested that the burrow utilization by animals accelerate the ecological processes of plant seed dispersal from fire-free to burrow habitats, and from burrow habitats to burned habitats without burrows. These findings imply that pangolin burrows serve as hubs for multi-species coexistence and accelerate the biodiversity restoration of burned forests. Excavation by ecosystem engineers, represented here by Chinese pangolins, exhibits important implications for ecological restoration of fire-burned forest ecosystems.

期刊论文 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03416

Fungal communities can be used as indicators of various environmental processes in forest ecosystems. The diversity of these communities is linked to aboveground plants and soil properties. We assessed fungal diversity at four Norway spruce sampling sites that were growing on fertile mineral soils (Oxalidosa) in northwestern Latvia. Three sites were managed-a three-year-old clear-cut and fifty- and eighty-five-year-old stands; one site was unmanaged-a naturally regenerated site after wind damage in 1969. For metabarcoding, we used a fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and high throughput sequencing with the Ion Torrent platform. Our results showed high operational taxonomic unit richness in the samples, with notable variation in community composition between individual plots both within and among sites, with the highest being in managed, middle-aged stands and the lowest in unmanaged. Significant differences in the diversity of soil fungal communities were not detected between the sites. Redundancy analysis indicated that pH, soil organic matter, organic carbon, and nitrogen were the most important soil variables that explained the variation in fungal communities. The unmanaged stand differed notably by community composition. This study highlights the importance of monitoring forest soil environmental parameters and fungal communities to gain a more comprehensive assessment of forestry management regimes.

期刊论文 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.3390/f16030500

Particulate matter (PM) is a vital pollutant that severely impacts human health, ecosystem well-being, and climate systems. In this review, the importance of vertical profiling is considered for understanding PM behavior between different layers of the atmosphere, and it includes modern techniques used such as meteorological towers and building methods, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), aircraft, and satellite-based aerosol optical depth measurements. A systematic review was conducted, sourcing 150 articles published between 2000 and 2023, using relevant keywords such as Particulate Matter, Vertical Profiling, Environmental Impacts, and Climate Change from databases like Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Key findings illustrate the vertical variations in PM levels associated with interactions among urban environments, meteorology, and specific atmospheric processes such as cloud formation, radiative forcing, and long-distance transport of pollutants. PM's effects on biodiversity, nutrient cycles, and ecosystem stability are also discussed. The environmental impacts of PM deposition, including biodiversity loss, nutrient cycling disruption, and ecosystem destabilization, elucidate widespread chronic anthropogenic particulate causes of long-term ecological damage around the globe. The study also examines relevant regulatory frameworks, specifically air quality standards, and policies, underpinning mitigation strategies. This review discusses how PM pollution is an increasingly alarming health risk. It reiterates the importance of demanding effective regulations on the local and global levels to counteract detrimental environmental and climatic consequences. This review clearly shows the immediate threats of PM. It should form a wake-up call to develop more effective monitoring tools and stringent regulatory measures against this omnipresent pollutant.

期刊论文 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-025-01697-5 ISSN: 1873-9318

Airborne pesticide drift poses a substantial environmental threat in agriculture, affecting ecosystems far from the application sites. This process, in which up to 25% of applied pesticides are carried by air currents, can transport chemicals over hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. Drift rates peak during the summer months, reaching as high as 60%, and are influenced by various factors, including wind speed, temperature, humidity, and soil type. Pesticide volatilization is a significant concern, occurring 25 times more frequently than surface runoff. Under certain conditions, it can result in chemical losses of compounds like metolachlor and atrazine that are up to 150 times higher. These drifting pesticides have profound impacts on biodiversity, harming non-target plants, insects, fungi, and other organisms both near application sites and in distant ecosystems. Pesticide drift has been linked to over 50% reductions in wild plant diversity within 500 m of fields, reducing floral resources for pollinators. Despite growing evidence of these effects, the long-term consequences of airborne pesticides on biodiversity remain poorly understood, especially in complex field conditions with multiple pesticide applications. Addressing this requires urgent measures, such as improved meteorological tracking during applications, adoption of biopesticides, and integrated pest management strategies. This review highlights the pressing need for research to quantify airborne pesticides' ecological impacts, advocating for sustainable practices to mitigate environmental damage.

期刊论文 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125526 ISSN: 0269-7491
  • 首页
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 末页
  • 跳转
当前展示1-10条  共47条,5页