Destructive earthquakes result in significant damage to a wide variety of buildings. The resulting damage data is crucial for evaluating the seismic resilience of buildings in the region and investigating urban resilience. Field damage data from 38 destructive earthquakes in Sichuan Province were collected, classified, and statistically analysed according to the criteria of the latest Chinese seismic intensity scale for evaluating building damage levels. Meanwhile, the construction features and seismic damage characteristics of these buildings were also examined. These results facilitated the development of a damage probability matrix (DPM) for various building typologies, such as raw-soil structures (RSSs), stone-wood structures (SWSs), brick-wood structures (BWSs), masonry structures (MSs), and reinforced concrete frame structures (RCFSs). The damage ratio was employed as the parameter for vulnerability assessment, and a comprehensive analysis was performed on the differences in damage levels among all buildings in various intensity zones and time frames. Furthermore, the DPMs were further refined by simulating additional data from high-intensity zones to more accurately represent the seismic resistance of existing buildings in multiple-intensity zones. Vulnerability prediction models were developed using the biphasic Hill model, which elucidates varying damage trends across different construction typologies. Finally, empirical fragility curves were established based on horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) as the damage indicator. This study is based on multiple seismic damage samples from various regions, accounting for the influence of earthquake age. The DPMs, representative of the regional characteristics of Sichuan Province, were developed for different building types. Furthermore, multidimensional vulnerability regression models and empirical fragility curves are established based on these DPMs. These models and curves provide a theoretical foundation for seismic disaster scenario simulations and the seismic capacity analysis of buildings within Sichuan Province.

In order to further study the dynamic response and damage status of the subway station structure and promote the development of the TOD (transit-oriented development) mode structure system, this paper proposes a calibration method for the seismic performance index limit of the subway station complex structure in TOD mode. Taking a practical project in the Beijing city sub-center station integrated transport hub as the research background, the nonlinear analysis model of soil-structure interaction under different site types is established. Firstly, the limit value of the interstory drift ratio is determined by the pushover loading method of the inverted triangular distributed load for the three-dimensional numerical model. Secondly, different types of seismic waves are selected to analyze the seismic vulnerability of the simplified two-dimensional numerical model, and the exceedance probability of different damage states of the structure is quantitatively analyzed. By analyzing the pushover curve, the maximum interstory drift ratio limits corresponding to the five damage states of the subway station complex structure are 0.14%, 0.32%, 0.66%, and 1.12%, respectively. Under different site types and different types of seismic waves, the seismic response law of subway station structures in TOD mode is different. Using different types of ground motion as the input, the mean and discreteness of different IDA curve clusters are quite different. The near-field pulse-type ground motion has a greater impact on the ground motion of the structural system under the Class II site, and the far-field long-period ground motion has a greater impact on the structure under the Class III site. Damage decreases with the increase in the equivalent shear wave velocity of the site, that is, the harder the site's soil is, the less susceptible the structural system is to damage by underground motion. The established seismic vulnerability curve and seismic damage probability table can effectively evaluate the seismic performance of subway station complex structure in TOD mode. The research results can provide a valuable reference for the seismic performance evaluation of similar underground structures.