Fusarium is genetically diverse and widely distributed geographically. It is one of the genera with more endophytes (which cause no damage to the host plants). This review highlights the capability of Fusarium species to degrade environmental pollutants and describes the biodegradation pathways of some of the emerging environmental contaminants. Some Fusarium species use metabolic strategies enabling them to efficiently mineralize high concentrations of toxic environmental pollutants. These fungi can degrade hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, dyes, pharmaceutical compounds, explosives, plastics, and plastic additives, among other pollutants, and possess high metal biosorption capabilities. According to data from consulted reports, Fusarium strains showed a percentage of biodegradation of a variety of contaminants ranging between 30 % and 100 % for different tested concentrations (from 1 mg to 10 g/L) in a time range between 10 hand 90 d. Enzymes such as esterase, cutinase, laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, dehydrogenase, lipase, dioxygenase, and phosphoesterase were detected during the pollutant biodegradation process. Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium culmorum are the most studied species of this genus. Owing to their metabolic versatility, these fungal species and their enzymes represent promising tools for bioremediation applications to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental pollution.

Pesticides, employed in agriculture to boost harvests and control pests, harm the ecosystem. Surface runoff from their widespread use pollutes water and soil. Pesticides deplete beneficial insect populations, upset ecological equilibrium, and contaminate food chains, posing health concerns through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Moreover, heavy metals from industry, mining, and inappropriate waste disposal are persistent, harmful environmental pollutants. Lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic in soils and sediments pollute water supplies and endanger aquatic life, wildlife, and humans. Heavy metal exposure can cause neurological issues, reproductive abnormalities, and cancer, making cleanup necessary. Also, industrial activities, wastewater discharge, and agricultural runoff produce phenolic compounds, another harmful environmental contaminant. Bisphenol A, phenol, and chlorophenols poison aquatic species, limit plant photosynthesis, and alter microbial populations. Additionally, phenolic chemicals can stay in the environment for lengthy durations, causing longterm ecological damage and health concerns from tainted drinking water and food. As a result, environmental monitoring is becoming increasingly important for sensitively detecting and quantifying pesticides, phenolic compounds, and heavy metals. Electrochemical sensors and modification materials are prepared for specific pollutant detection, providing selectivity and sensitivity, thus enabling the detection of the target molecule down to the nanomolar or even picomolar range. In this respect, ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) materials attract attention in electrochemical sensing applications due to their numerous advantages. OMCs are promising for catalysis and sensing applications due to their well-ordered pore structure, high specific surface area, and tunable pore sizes in the mesopore range. The unique properties of these materials could open a new approach to studying the electrochemical determination of other environmental pollutants. This review covers the properties, advantages, synthesis procedures, and characterization processes of OMCs and focuses on the role of OMCs in the electrochemical detection of environmental pollutants. Moreover, this study examines OMC-based research carried out in recent years in depth.

Chlordane, a previously extensively utilized insecticidal pesticide, has since been prohibited, however, owing to its limited degradability, it continues to persist significantly in soil and water reservoirs, subsequently accumulating within plant and animal organisms, representing a substantial threat to human health. Despite extensive research conducted over the past few decades to investigate the toxic effects of chlordane, there remains a notable dearth of studies focusing on its impact on sleep activity. Therefore, in this study, the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to chlordane on the activity and sleep of Drosophila were investigated. When exposed to chlordane at a concentration of 1 mu M, Drosophila lost body weight, decreased body size and resulted in lipid metabolism disorders. In addition, chlordane exposure altered the arousal and sleep behaviors of Drosophila. Short-term exposure to chlordane resulted in an increase in night-time sleep duration, while long-term exposure to chlordane resulted in an increase in activity and a decrease in sleep, as evidenced by a decrease in the duration of each sleep session and the appearance of sleep fragmentation. Under conditions of long-term chlordane exposure, reactive oxygen species levels were significantly up-regulated in Drosophila. Our results suggest that long-term chlordane exposure triggers oxidative stress damage in Drosophila, leading to sleep disruption. This study offers novel insights into the harmful impacts of environmental pollutants on human sleep patterns and proposes that mitigating the presence of chlordane in the environment could potentially contribute to the reduction of global sleep disorder prevalence.