Recently, bio-inspired technology utilizing the anisotropy of friction between structure-soil has garnered significant attention. In particular, new pile designs not only enhance shaft friction but also gain prominence by reducing the use of cement, which has traditionally been a key material in ground treatment and improvement. Previous studies have quantitatively verified the increase in interface shear resistance through direct shear tests and cone penetration experiments. However, conventional finite element analysis methods face limitations in analyzing the shaft friction behavior between piles with scale and the surrounding soil. In this study, the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique, a large deformation analysis method built-in ABAQUS, is employed to simulate the penetration of cone with textured shaft. Numerical analyses are conducted to investigate changes in cone penetration resistance according to the geometric characteristics of the surface scale. To minimize numerical errors occurring in the cone and surrounding soil meshes, a three-dimensional generalized mesh is proposed for the cone and its surrounding elements. A total of 13 cases, comprising seven different cone designs and two penetration direction conditions, are analyzed. The results showed that under the same penetration load, penetration depth decreased as the scale height increased, the scale length narrowed, and the scale tapered in height.

The pull-out capacity of plate anchor is significantly impacted by the embedment loss during keying, necessitating its prior estimation. The soil surrounding the anchor undergoes considerable disturbance during keying, but the soil softening induced by accumulated shear strains was neglected in almost all the existing numerical studies. In this paper, an elastic-perfectly plastic model with strain-softening was combined with the integraltype nonlocal method to overcome the mesh dependency in large deformation finite element simulations. The biaxial compression tests were simulated firstly and the keying process of strip anchors were reproduced by varying anchor width, thickness, loading eccentricity, undrained shear strength and sensitivity. It was observed that the ultimate embedment loss increased nearly linearly with soil sensitivity, a trend that was especially pronounced at lower loading eccentricity ratio. The generalized equations for evaluating the ultimate embedment loss were proposed and their reliabilities were verified by the existing centrifuge tests.

As the latest development and benchmark of a gravity installed anchor (GIA), the OMNI-Max anchor stands as a cutting-edge achievement and benchmark, finding increasingly widespread use within mooring systems due to its exceptional operational performance and adaptability. Notably, while investigations into the pullout capacity of OMNI-Max anchors have been conducted extensively in clay, the relevant studies are seldom observed in sand. Actually, the mechanical properties of sand are quite different from those of clay, and sand is also widely distributed in seabed soil. Full knowledge of OMNI-Max anchors not only in clay but also in sand is necessary to a wider application of the anchors. In the present work, the large deformation finite element (LDFE) method is adopted combined with the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique to study the end-bearing characteristics of the OMNI-Max anchor in sand seabeds. A bounding-surface plasticity model is taken as the constitutive model to capture the characteristics of sand. Through investigation and analysis, OMNI-Max anchors are closely related to the anchor embedment depth, the soil relative density, the anchor orientation, the loading angle and the bearing area, so the working conditions related to these five factors are designed and calculated. An explicit expression of the end-bearing capacity factor is finally derived to provide a simple and fast tool of evaluating the pullout capacity of the anchor in sand under multiple factors. Validation cases and orthogonal tests have confirmed the effectiveness and applicability of the explicit expression.