Much attention has recently been given to the Arctic within a context of climate change. Its high latitude has made the Arctic one of the most sensitive regions on Earth, conveying landscape modifications in a warming world. This chapter examines the evidence of landscape change from a combined geomorphologic and socio-political approach by considering permafrost and thermokarst development, issues around the opening of the region (i.e. the Northwest Passage in Canada), as well as varied implications on local communities, international affairs, and geopolitics. The consideration of these issues is based on the assumption that climatic warming is changing the Arctic landscape and that northern regions will be a focal point in the search for resources.