The influence of modern soil ameliorants such as anionic potassium humates (PHums) and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as well as their interpolymer complexes (IPCs) on rheological behavior of water-saturated kaolinite was studied. Modification of kaolinite with anionic biologically active and bio-stimulating PHums was shown to result in a decrease of storage modulus G(0)' and shear stress amplitude tau(0) corresponding to linear viscoelasticity region as well as storage modulus G' cross and shear stress amplitude tau cross at crossover point by 0.5 - 1.0 order of magnitude. Modification of the clay with cationic PDADMAC was accompanied by the opposite effect, that is, an increase in the above rheological characteristics by 1.5 - 2.0 orders of magnitude. PDADMAC/PHums IPCs with the molar ratio of cationic and anionic groups in the range 0.1 - 10 demonstrated the influence on the rheological parameters in the same manner as individual PDADMAC. This result was considered as the original procedure to provide simultaneous addition of stabilizing PDADMAC and biologically active PHums. In this case the reinforcing action of PDADMAC on the kaolinite is fully realized and the weakening action of PHums is fully suppressed. For individual polymers, the results are discussed in terms of kaolinite structural transformations caused by the interaction of charged macromolecules with negatively charged clay particles. For IPCs/kaolinite samples, rheological behavior was attributed to the exchange reactions between IPCs and clay particles. The data obtained are important for predicting the mechanical properties of wet clay soils modified with polymers and IPCs, as well as optimizing methods for introducing bio-stimulating and anti-erosion polymer additives into soils.

This article a synthesis of humic acid with the obtaining of potassium humate based on coal waste from the Lenger deposit. Accumulated industrial waste heavily pollutes the environment and has a direct impact on all living things. The accumulation of waste in landfills increases the pollution level of the atmosphere, soil, groundwater, and surface water, destroys the functioning of ecosystems, and damages agriculture and construction. A sieve analysis was carried out to study the fine fractions of coal waste, and a scanning electron microscope analysis was performed to study the mineralogical, structural state and X-ray chemical phase composition. The chemical composition of coal waste was studied using differential thermal analysis during heat treatment. The optimal parameters of the process for obtaining humic acids are established, and the results of experimental work are presented. The results are confirmed by mathematical planning of the experiment using the method of orthogonal plan of the second order. The mathematical planning results were tested according to the Student and Fischer criteria. Based on the conducted studies, it was identified that the degree of extraction of humic acid reaches up to 95.90% in terms of the organic phase, and the concentration of humic acid is 49.13%. From the humic acids obtained using potassium hydroxide, potassium humate was synthesized. The potassium humate obtained in its composition has fertilizer properties. Therefore, the obtained potassium humate will be used for the production of humic fertilizers to improve soil fertility and crop yields. The synthesis of humic acids with the production of potassium humate is aimed at reducing the accumulated industrial waste, which in turn allows you to regulate and improve the ecological situation and green ecology in the region.