Mudflows are natural phenomena starting from landslides and presenting high impact when they occur. They generate great catastrophes in their path because most of the time there is no indication prior to the failure that triggers them. Understanding how mud is transported is of great importance in infrastructure projects that coincide with hillside areas due to the high risk of occurrence of this phenomenon by cause of the high slopes, which can involve great risks and produce disasters that involve great costs. This work presents the evaluation of mudflows, from the implementation of a laboratory scale experiment in a consistometer with its calibration and validation from numerical models to estimate rheological parameters of the material. Tests were also carried out in an open channel in the laboratory, based on the data previously obtained considering the behavior of the material as a both Newtonian fluid and non-Newtonian fluid. The experiment considered a channel with dimensions of 3 m long, 0.5 m high and 0.7 m wide with slope control, and a mud composition of silty material with 60% moisture. The tests were conducted with slopes of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The numerical models were carried out in ANSYS FLUENT software. In addition, the calibration data of the numerical model were used for a real case study, simulating the slip flow occurred in Yangbaodi, in the southeast of China, occurred on September 18, 2002. The results of the numerical models were compared with the experimental results and show that these have a great capacity to reproduce what is observed in the laboratory when the material is considered as a non-Newtonian fluid. The model reproduced in an appropriate way the movement of the flow at laboratory scale, and for the aforementioned case study, some differences in the final length of deposition were noticed, achieving interesting results that lead the use of the calibrated model towards the estimation of risks due to the mudflow occurrence.

This study investigates the rheological and compression behavior of cement-solidified dredged slurry with varying rice straw fiber contents (0-12%). Laboratory tests, including flow tests, viscosity measurements, and compression tests, were conducted to evaluate the influence of straw fibers on material properties. Results show that the slump flow value increased by 8.4% when fiber content increased from 0% to 0.5%, reaching a peak at 3% fiber content. Beyond 5% fiber content, slump flow decreased due to fiber entanglement and water absorption. The dynamic viscosity initially decreased as straw fibers released glucose, retarding cement hydration, but increased as fiber content surpassed 1%, due to increased water absorption and the formation of a fiber network. Yield shear stress also increased with fiber content, peaking at 5% fiber content, and was higher in fiber-reinforced slurries compared to non-fiber mixtures. Compression tests revealed that the compressibility of the solidified slurry increased with higher fiber content at early curing stages (28 days) but decreased with longer curing times (90-180 days). Compression yield stress increased initially with fiber content up to 1% but declined beyond this threshold due to fiber-induced porosity and disrupted cement bonding.

Suitable planting systems are critical for the physicochemical and bioactivities of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) polysaccharides (SPs). In this study, SPs were prepared through hot water extraction, and the differences in physicochemical characteristics and bioactivities between SPs derived from elevated matrix soilless planting strawberries (EP-SP) and those from and conventional soil planting strawberries (GP-SP) were investigated. A higher extraction yield was observed for EP-SP (5.88%) than for GP-SP (4.67%), and slightly higher values were measured for the average molecular weight (632.10 kDa vs. 611.88 kDa) and total sugar content (39.38% vs. 34.92%) in EP-SP. In contrast, a higher protein content (2.12% vs. 1.65%) and a more ordered molecular arrangement were exhibited by GP-SP. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that EP-SP contained higher levels of rhamnose (12.33%) and glucose (49.29%), whereas GP-SP was richer in galactose (11.06%) and galacturonic acid (19.12%). Thermal analysis indicated only minor differences in decomposition temperatures (approximately 225-226 degrees C) and thermal stability between the samples. However, GP-SP showed a higher enthalpy change (Delta Hg = 18.74 J/g) compared to EP-SP (13.93 J/g). Biological activity assays revealed that GP-SP generally exerted stronger non-enzymatic glycation inhibition at both early and final stages (IC50: 7.47 mg/mL vs. 7.82 mg/mL and 11.18 mg/mL vs. 11.87 mg/mL, respectively), whereas EP-SP was more effective against intermediate alpha-dicarbonyl compounds (maximum inhibition of 75.32%). Additionally, GP-SP exerted superior alpha-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 2.4583 mg/mL), in line with kinetic and fluorescence quenching analyses showing a higher enzyme-substrate complex binding affinity (Kis = 1.6682 mg/mL; Ka = 5.1352 x 105 M-1). Rheological measurements demonstrated that EP-SP solutions exhibited a pronounced increase in apparent viscosity at higher concentrations (reaching 3477.30 mPas at 0.1 s-1 and 70 mg/mL) and a stronger shear-thinning behavior, while GP-SP showed a comparatively lower viscosity and lower network order. These findings suggest that different planting systems significantly affect both the molecular structures and functionalities of SPs, with GP-SP demonstrating enhanced hypoglycemic and anti-glycation properties. It is therefore recommended that suitable planting systems be selected to optimize the functionality of plant-derived polysaccharides for potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.