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In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization, subterranean engineering frequently encounters geotechnical challenges, particularly when dealing with weak soil layers, such as loose silty sand. These layers are problematic due to their poor permeability and low mechanical strength. Although cement-based solidification methods are prevalent for improving soil properties, they may prove inadequate under certain extreme conditions. This study explores the solidification efficacy of graphene oxide (GO) alone, and in conjunction with silica fume (SF), on silty sand by integrating varying proportions of GO and SF into cement-based composite materials, with a focus on assessing their influence on the impermeability and mechanical properties of the solidified soil. The findings revealed that the incorporation of GO alone markedly decreased the permeability coefficient and enhanced the early bending and compressive strength of the solidified soil. Optimal impermeability and mechanical performance were attained at a GO concentration of 0.06%, attributed to GO's high specific surface area and superior adsorption capacity, which effectively filled internal soil voids and ameliorated the microstructure. When GO and SF were added together, the solidified soil's performance improved, especially at an SF content of 10%. Notably, even with reduced GO content, a significant decrease in permeability coefficient was observed, indicating a synergistic effect between the materials. The concurrent addition of GO and SF also had a positive impact on bending and compressive strength, notably enhancing the early and intermediate mechanical performance of the solidified matrix. After a curing period of 28 days, the growth trends of bending and compressive strength decelerated. Microscopic examination indicated that GO and SF addition optimized the pore structure of the solidified soil, diminishing macropores and augmenting micropores, thereby reducing the permeability coefficient and bolstering impermeability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that although the addition of GO and SF did not alter the primary hydration products in the solidified soil, it facilitated the cement hydration reaction, leading to increased formation of hydrated calcium silicate gels and other hydration products, thereby enhancing the compactness and mechanical strength of the solid matrix.

期刊论文 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-449-5_49 ISSN: 2589-4943

Thin sandstone reservoirs of the fan delta front sub-facies occur in the early Neogene (Miocene) series of the Aketao (Akto) structural belt within the Kunlun piedmont zone of the Tarim Basin. Oil and gas reservoirs in this area correspond to stratigraphic traps. However, owing to the low density of the 2D seismic survey grid deployed in the Aketao belt, inferior seismic data quality, and lack of well logging data, reservoir prediction in this area suffers from a multiplicity of problems and it is difficult to effectively identify sand bodies. Here, a new research approach is proposed involving the use of 3D seismic, well logging, and drilling data from a neighboring highly-explored 3D seismic survey area as a reference for the 2D seismic interpretation of the non-drilled Aketao survey area. Moreover, this approach is integrated with forward modeling and the inversion of post-stack seismic data to identify sand bodies. A comparison of the seismic reflection characteristics clarifies that these 3D and 2D seismic survey areas share similar sedimentary environments. Forward modeling confirms their similar reservoir characteristics, while the reservoir distribution in the 2D seismic survey area is effectively mapped via the inversion. The results show that for a 2D seismic survey area characterized by a low degree of hydrocarbon exploration and appraisal, and a lack of well logging data, the proposed approach can confirm the sedimentary characteristics that correspond to the seismic reflection characteristics, and can quantitatively map the reservoir thickness.

期刊论文 2021-01-01 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1030782
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