Swelling soils are increasingly recognized as a critical issue in geotechnical engineering, as their presence can lead to substantial damage to built structures. When structures are built on such soils and free swelling is prevented, stresses can develop that may lead to significant damage to the structure. Soil stabilization through the use of additive materials has garnered considerable attention as an effective method for mitigating this problem. The objective of this study was to stabilize the clay soil (CH) with high swelling potential by using sea shell, lime and zeolite additives in two stages. In the initial phase, consistency limits were tested by mixing high plasticity clay soil mixed with 8-10-12-14-16% sea shell 0-3-5-6-8% lime (one of the most used soil stabilizer) and 0-5-10-15-20% zeolite by weight. The three mixtures and the two best percentages determined for each mixture were then combined. Upon completing these steps, five experimental sets were prepared by combining the percentages that yielded the best results. Compaction test, percent swelling test and swelling pressure tests were performed with these datas. According to the test results, adding 14% sea shell, 6% lime and 5% zeolite by weight (SS14L6Z5) gave the smallest swelling value as 1,07% and highes swelling pressure as 23 kPa. This study concludes that the combined use of these additives led to a substantial 96% increase in swelling pressure, along with a marked reduction in swelling potential.

The massive accumulation of waste seashells, waste sludge and waste glass not only occupies a large amount of land resources, leading to a shortage of land resources, but also causes serious soil-water-air composite pollution over a long period of time with the role of the surrounding environment, which poses a serious hazard to the ecological environment and public health. In this study, the effect patterns of waste glass powder (WGP) on the workability, mechanical properties, microstructure and carbon emission of seashell powder calcined sludge cement (SCSC) slurries prepared using waste sludge and waste seashells as supplementary cementitious materials in place of part of the cement clinker were investigated. The hydration process and microstructure of the materials were characterized by heat of hydration tests, thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), infrared Fourier transform (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the addition of WGP improved the fluidity of SCSC slurries and reduced the shear stress of SCSC slurries without changing the flow pattern of SCSC slurries, and all the slurries conformed to the power law model. The compressive strength of SCSC slurries increased by 25.26 % with 5 % WGP addition. The CO2 emissions per cubic meter of SCSC slurries were reduced by 4.43 %, 8.81 %, 13.5 % and 18.23 % for WGP additions of 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %, respectively. These results can provide a new way for the efficient resource utilization of waste seashells, waste sludge and waste glass, and reduce the CO2 emission during the cement production process, promoting the clean production of cement.

Seashell powder calcined sludge cement (SCSC) is a new type of green low-carbon ternary cement prepared by using waste sludge and waste seashells. It reduces carbon emissions in the cement production industry and solves environmental problems such as serious soil-water-air pollution caused by long-term stockpiling of waste sludge and waste seashells, which are difficult to be utilized in a resourceful manner. However, the reduced clinker content results in lower early strength of SCSC, which limits the application of SCSC in applications requiring high early strength such as precast concrete specimens. In this paper, the effects of different dosage of C-S-H seeds on the hydration process, mechanical properties and microstructure of SCSC slurries were investigated. The results showed that C-S-H seeds significantly increased the 12-hour compressive strength of SCSC, and the 2 % addition of C-S-H seeds increased its compressive strength by 271 %, but had less effect on its later strength. The proportion of large pores in the sample with a 1 % addition of C-S-H seeds decreased by 1 %. At 12 hours, 2 % addition of C-S-H seeds increased its total hydration exotherm by 141 %. The addition of C-S-H seeds decreased the fluidity of the slurry but did not change the flow pattern of the slurry. The relationship between the rheological parameters of the slurry and the addition of C-S-H seeds was well fitted with a primary function, and the rheological equations of SCSC slurries with different additions of C-S-H seeds were obtained. The results of this paper can further broaden the application scenarios of SCSC and lay the foundation for the large-scale application of SCSC.

Bricks are manufactured using clays, which are fired at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1200 degrees C. Due to the lack of quality clay, it is necessary to find alternate soils and waste materials for manufacturing bricks. The use of agricultural, aqua-cultural, and industrial wastes in the manufacturing of construction bricks leads to low-carbon material. This addresses the problem of agro-aqua-industrial waste disposal. The present study focuses on the utilization of biomass (BM) and slaked seashell powder (SSP) in compressed soil bricks made with locally available lithomargic soil (LS). The proposed soil bricks are prepared with 85% processed lithomargic soil, 12.5% biomass and 2.5% seashell powder. The reaction of multi-binder materials has been activated by one-part activation. The cast soil blocks are temperature cured at 100 degrees C, 250 degrees C, 500 degrees C & 750 degrees C to understand the effect of temperature on the hydration process of binder material. The compressed soil bricks are tested for compressive strength, initial rate of absorption, water absorption test, chloride content, sulphate content, microstructure analysis and thermal conductivity. The strength of soil bricks in bonding and in masonry, 3 prism and 4 prism tests were also conducted. Overall results indicate that bio-based alkali-activated brick masonry is superior for real-time adaptation because it reaches 10 MPa to 11.2 MPa compressive strength and 0.98 MPa to 1.2 MPa shear strength with curing at 500 degrees C.