The deep-sea mining machine is a crucial component of the seabed mining system. However, due to the unique mechanical properties of deep-sea sediments, the machine often encounters problems like slipping and sinking during operation. Traditional model testing struggles to analyze the interaction between tracks and soil on a microscopic level. This study uses an MBD-DEM coupling method to simulate track-soil interactions, revealing the impact of grouser shape, spacing, track plate spacing, ground pressure, and pretension on the machine's performance. The results show that the grouser causes the most soil disturbance when entering and exiting the soil, providing significant traction during entry, though some grousers face resistance while moving. Increasing grouser spacing initially boosts traction but later decreases it, as too small or too large spacing affects thrust and soil utilization. Enlarging track plate spacing reduces motion resistance and increases traction. Raising ground pressure also enhances traction but increases soil disturbance. Setting pretension to 12% of the machine's weight results in smoother operation. Additionally, the study considered the impact of biomimetic grousers on traction under multi-grouser conditions and designed more efficient grousers, providing theoretical guidance for the structural design of deep-sea mining machine tracks.