Tread rubber plays a crucial role in governing the service life of aviation tires, where it has to withstand harsh tribological loadings. Toward the goal of guiding the development of high-performance tread rubber materials, isoprene rubber (IR)-based composites were manufactured and investigated in mixed sliding-rolling conditions; the tribological properties and tribo-mechanisms were studied in relation to sulfur content, abrasion angle, temperature, load, velocity and sliding-rolling ratio. Consideration was also given regarding the correlation between abrasion loss and mechanical performances of the isoprene rubber composites, which indicated a linear relation with the product of H sigma epsilon (hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break). By combining the tribological results, the rubber composite with 5 phr sulfur overall showed better performance in abrasion and mixed sliding-rolling conditions.