Ice lubrication for moving heavy stones to the Forbidden City in 15th-and 16th-century China

Lubrication plays a crucial role in reducing friction for transporting heavy objects, from moving a 60-ton statue in ancient Egypt to relocating a 15,000-ton building in modern society. Although in China spoked wheels appeared ca. 1500 B.C., in the 15th and 16th centuries sliding sledges were still used in transporting huge stones to the Forbidden City in Beijing. We show that an ice lubrication technique of water-lubricated wood-on-ice sliding was used instead of the common ancient approaches, such as wood-on-wood sliding or the use of log rollers. The technique took full advantage of the natural properties of ice, such as sufficient hardness, flatness, and low friction with a water film. This ice-assisted movement is more efficient for such heavy-load and low-speed transportation necessary for the stones of the Forbidden City. The transportation of the huge stones provides an early example of ice lubrication and complements current studies of the highspeed regime relevant to competitive ice sports.

qq

成果名称:低表面能涂层

合作方式:技术开发

联 系 人:周老师

联系电话:13321314106

ex

成果名称:低表面能涂层

合作方式:技术开发

联 系 人:周老师

联系电话:13321314106

yx

成果名称:低表面能涂层

合作方式:技术开发

联 系 人:周老师

联系电话:13321314106

ph

成果名称:低表面能涂层

合作方式:技术开发

联 系 人:周老师

联系电话:13321314106

广告图片

润滑集