A fibrous monolithic ceramic was constructed with Al2O3 fiber cells surrounded by Cr2O3 phase-two kinds of brittle ceramics, to achieve an excellent combination of high strength and toughness, which is usually mutually exclusive in engineering materials. The material was demonstrated to fail in a non-brittle fracture manner and showed a typical rising R-curve behavior with the maximum crack growth toughness of 9.05 MPa m1/2. Meanwhile, the composite ceramic exhibited excellent tribological performance at high temperatures, with the lowest friction coefficient of 0.29 and wear rate of 1.07 x 10-5 mm3/Nm at 600 degrees C. It was also demonstrated that the thermal stability of Cr2O3 has a great influence on the wear mechanism when the temperature was above 800 degrees C.