In this article, calcium sulfonate complex grease with different polymorphs was acquired. With reference to the improved rolling stability test method, 5% and 10% water were added to the calcium sulfonate composite grease respectively. The influence of water on the flow and deformation characteristics of grease under external force was characterized by rheological analysis. Moreover, the influence of water on the tribological behaviors of grease was evaluated at 30 and 80 degrees C. The results indicate that water could affect the flow and deformation characteristics of calcium sulfonate complex grease in vaterite polymorph (CSCG-V) more than calcium sulfonate complex grease in calcite polymorph (CSCG-C), and CSCG-V could combine with water to form a more stable grease under external force. Tribological results also clearly show that CSCG-C with water shows better tribological properties than CSCG-V with water under harsh conditions. There was no significant difference in the components of the films that consisted of CaCO3 and CaO regardless of grease within or without water. The improvement of tribological properties of CSCG-C with 5% and 10% water benefited from the influence of water on the film forming capacity of calcium carbonate on the steel surface.