Graphene oxide particles (GOp) were implanted on the surface of H62 copper alloy to prepare an H62/GOp-modified layer by friction stir surface processing (FSSP). The Raman spectrum and microstructure of the modified layer were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the H62/GOp-modified layer prepared under different parameters by FSSP had characteristic Raman spectrum peaks graphene oxide (GO), which indicates that the modified layer containing GO can be prepared by FSSP on the copper alloy surface. The surface grain structure of the H62/GOp-modified layer of each sample was refined, and their large-angle grain boundary ratios were above 85 % and higher than that of the base metal. In addition, the grain volume fraction in the dynamic recrystallization region of each sample was above 60 vol%, and the maximum was 73.9 vol%, which indicates the desirable microstructure consistency of the H62/GOp-modified layer prepared under different parameters by FSSP.