Herein, the ionic liquid functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) nanosheets were successfully prepared via solvothermal reaction and then surface modification. Firstly, the COF with –OH groups (COF-OH) can bond with isocyanate (TDI) via the reactions between –OH group of COF-OH and para-NCO group of TDI, then the NH2-ionic liquid ([NH2C2MIm][Br]) can graft onto COF-OH surface (Br-IL@COF-OH) via nucleophilic addition reactions between -NH2 and ortho-NCO group. The as-prepared Br-IL@COF-OH exhibited outstanding lubrication performance as oil-based lubrication additives, with a trace amount addition of 2.0 wt %, the friction coefficient decreases from 0.144 to 0.102 , and the wear volume decreases from 1.38 × 104 μm3 to 2.58 × 103 μm3, nearly 81.4%. The remarkable tribological properties are derived from the formation of stable protective film, which is composed of a physical adsorption layer via grafting ionic liquid and the friction film via tribochemical reaction.