Sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerators (S-TENG) have been validated as a simple and efficient mechanical energy harvesting technology in low frequency for constructing self-powered systems. However, the charge invalid transfer in the S-TENG leads to its output energy loss, which has not been addressed by researchers in this field. Herein, a novel transverse-asymmetric electrode structure sliding TENG (TAE-TENG) is proposed, where the specific asymmetric bottom electrode configuration distinguishes it from the previously reported S-TENGs. This design can be equivalent to a hybrid model, consisting of two units, a sliding mode TENG with blank area and a freestanding mode TENG with a shielding electrode, which effectively eliminates the charge transfer loss and enhances the output performance. The insight mechanism of charge transfer in each operation process is analyzed. The TAE-TENG achieves 1.42 µC output charge, 1.97-fold as that of the conventional S-TENG (0.72 µC) with equivalent dimensions, and also exhibits more sustained and higher current waveforms. The output charge, root-mean-square (RMS) current, and average power of the rotation-TAE-TENG at 60 rpm are 3.05 µC, 97.50 µA and 44.02 mW, respectively. This work provides a physical mechanism of charge transfer in sliding TENG and an effective method to improve its output energy.